Entomopathogenic effect of Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link (Hypocreales: Ascomycota) against Pauropsylla buxtoni (Psylloidea: Hemiptera) infesting Ficus carica leaves and its potential use as biocontrol agent of the insect

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-410
Author(s):  
Y. Batta
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Trichothecium Roseum ◽  
Potential Use

scholarly journals Streptomyces roseolus, A Promising Biocontrol Agent Against Aspergillus flavus, the Main Aflatoxin B1 Producer

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaura Caceres ◽  
Selma Snini ◽  
Olivier Puel ◽  
Florence Mathieu
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Molecular Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Potential Use

Crop contamination by aflatoxin B1 is a current problem in tropical and subtropical regions. In the future, this contamination risk may be expanded to European countries due to climate change. The development of alternative strategies to prevent mycotoxin contamination that further contribute to the substitution of phytopharmaceutical products are thus needed. For this, a promising method resides in the use of biocontrol agents. Several actinobacteria strains have demonstrated to effectively reduce the aflatoxin B1 concentration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of action by which these biological agents reduce the mycotoxin concentration has not been determined. The aim of the present study was to test the potential use of Streptomyces roseolus as a biocontrol agent against aflatoxin B1 contamination. Co-cultures with Aspergillus flavus were conducted, and the molecular fungal response was investigated through analyzing the q-PCR expression of 65 genes encoding relevant fungal functions. Moreover, kojic and cyclopiazonic acid concentrations, as well as morphological fungal changes were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that reduced concentrations of aflatoxin B1 and kojic acid were respectively correlated with the down-regulation of the aflatoxin B1 gene cluster and kojR gene expression. Moreover, a fungal hypersporulated phenotype and a general over-expression of genes involved in fungal development were observed in the co-culture condition.

Potential use of soilborne lytic Podoviridae phage as a biocontrol agent against Ralstonia solanacearum

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 658-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Elhalag ◽  
Mohamed Nasr-Eldin ◽  
Ahmed Hussien ◽  
Abdelmonim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Potential Use

Transformation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride to high resistance to benomyl

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Cristina Furlaneto ◽  
Fernanda Gonzalez Paião ◽  
Fabiana Gisele da S. Pinto ◽  
Maria Helena Pelegrinelli Fungaro
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brazilian Isolate ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Metarhizium Flavoviride ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Beta Tubulin Gene

A Brazilian isolate of Metarhizium flavoviride, which has been developed as a biocontrol agent against the grasshopper Rhammatocerus schistocercoides, was stably transformed to be resistant to benomyl (beta-tubulin gene). Highly resistant transformants were obtained which grew in benomyl concentrations greater than 30 times (200 µg mL-1) the concentration that inhibits wild type proliferation. These transformants were mitotically stable after 20 successive transfers on non-selective media. No significant differences in conidia yield were observed between stably transformed strains and wild type (CG423). Chymoelastase (Pr1) secretion was greater in some transformants than in the wild type. In the presence of benomyl, appressoria differentiation occurred at similar rates in CG423 and transformants. However, the percentage of conidial germination in the transformants was higher than in the wild type, indicating the potential use of these transformants along with benomyl. Additionally, the resistance levels of the transformants observed in the present study demonstrate the potential use of these transformants for assessing the persistence of a particular isolate in fields without this fungicide.Key words: Metarhizium flavoviride, genetic transformation, benomyl resistance, biocontrol.

Suppressive efficacy of volatile compounds produced byBacillus mycoideson damping-off pathogens of cabbage seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-809
Author(s):  
J.-S. Huang ◽  
Y.-H. Peng ◽  
K.-R. Chung ◽  
J.-W. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Dimethyl Disulphide ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractRhizoctonia solaniKühn andPythium aphanidermatumEdson cause cabbage seedling damping-off, resulting in severe yield losses. The current study demonstrates the production of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by two strains ofBacillus mycoidesand the evaluation of a potential use ofB.mycoidesas a biocontrol agent to control cabbage damping-off. Two VOCs, dimethyl disulphide and ammonia, were found to reduce radial growth, cause hyphal deformation and result in organelle degeneration in bothR. solaniandP. aphanidermatum. Pathogen hyphae, after being exposed to VOCs, showed poor rigidity, shrinkage, curling and swelling. The amount of VOCs produced byB. mycoidesand the antagonistic activity against plant pathogens varied, depending on the type of medium used to culture bacteria. Application ofB.mycoidescell suspensions to cultivation medium promotes growth of five different plant species tested. Experiments conducted in greenhouses revealed thatB. mycoidesdid not reduce damping-off incidence caused byR.solani. However,B. mycoidesreduced damping-off incidence induced byP. aphanidermatumby as much as 45% on cabbage seedlings. The results provide valuable information on the feasibility of utilizingB. mycoidesas a biocontrol agent in controlling cabbage damping-off.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Lytic Bacteriophage VPUSM 8 against O1 El Tor Inaba Vibrio cholerae

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Fendi ◽  
Rafidah Hanim Shueb ◽  
Phiaw Chong Foo ◽  
Manickam Ravichandran ◽  
Chan Yean Yean
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequence of bacteriophage VPUSM 8 against O1 El Tor Inaba Vibrio cholerae is reported here. The isolated VPUSM 8 has potential use in future phage therapy or as a biocontrol agent for the prevention and treatment of cholera.

scholarly journals The Biocontrol Agent Pyemotes zhonghuajia Has the Highest Lethal Weight Ratio Compared with Its Prey and the Most Dramatic Body Weight Change during Pregnancy

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Yi-Chai Chen ◽  
Tai-An Tian ◽  
Yi-Hui Chen ◽  
Li-Chen Yu ◽  
Ji-Feng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Searching Ability ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Pyemotes spp. are small, toxic, ectoparasitic mites that suppress Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera plant pests. To explore their potential use as a biocontrol agent, we studied the reproductive development, paralytic process, time to lethality and mortality, and searching ability of Pyemotes zhonghuajia on different developmental stages of the oriental leafworm moth, Spodoptera litura. Pyemotes zhonghuajia gained 14,826 times its body weight during pregnancy. One single P. zhonghuajia female could rapidly kill one S. litura egg and first to third instar larvae, but not fourth to sixth instar larvae, prepupae, or pupae within 720 min. Pyemotes zhonghuajia could develop on eggs, first to sixth larvae, and pupae, but only produced offspring on the eggs and pupae. A single P. zhonghuajia female (an average weight of 23.81 ng) could paralyze and kill one S. litura third instar larvae (an average weight of 16.29 mg)—680,000 times its own weight. Mites significantly affected the hatch rate of S. litura eggs, which reduced with increasing mite densities on S. litura eggs. Releasing 50 or 100 P. zhonghuajia in a 2 cm searching range resulted in significantly higher mortality rates of S. litura first instar larvae within 48 h compared to second and third instar larvae in searching ranges of 4.5 and 7.5 cm within 24 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal that P. zhonghuajia undergoes the greatest changes in weight during pregnancy of any adult female animal and has the highest lethal weight ratio of any biocontrol agent.

scholarly journals Colonization of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor by a potential biocontrol agent, Penicillium citrinum1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Akem ◽  
H. A. Melouk
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Sclerotinia Minor ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor were soaked in a conidial suspension (1.3 × 107 conidia/mL) of Penicillium citrinum at 25 ± 2 C for 1 h. This resulted in coating each sclerotium with about 3.7 × 104 conidia. Treated sclerotia were incubated either in the dark on dry or damp Whatman No. 1 filter paper or in pasteurized and nonpasteurized soil at 25 ± 2 C, for up to eight weeks. Colonization by P. citrinum of sclerotia incubated on damp or dry filter paper was 70 and 25%, respectively. Seventy four percent of sclerotia incubated in pasteurized soil were colonized and destroyed by P. citrinum, whereas 55% colonization and destruction occurred in sclerotia incubated in a nonpasteurized soil. Similarly treated sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum variety major and Sclerotium rolfsii were incubated in pasteurized soil and colonized by P. citrinum at 45 and 5%, respectively, over the same period of time. Up to 50% colonization and destruction by P. citrinum has been observed on sclerotia of S. minor recovered from soil in a peanut field in Oklahoma. These findings suggest a potential use of P. citrinum as a biocontrol agent for S. minor.

scholarly journals Bakteri Endofit Asal Berbagai Akar Tanaman sebagai Agens Pengendali Nematoda Puru Akar Meloidogyne incognita pada Tomat

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Pradana Pandu Ankardiansyah ◽  
Abdul Munif ◽  
Supramana Supramana
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
New Information ◽  
Potential Use

Infection caused by root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita may cause yield losses. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of endophytic bacterial group as biocontrol agents of RKN. This research was aimed to obtain endophytic bacteria group from 16 species of plants, which effectively controlled the RKN. Isolation of endophytic bacteria group was conducted using NA 20%, NA 50%, TSA 20%, TSA 50%, and King’s B medium. All of the bacteria groups giving negative result in hypersensitive and haemolytic tests, was further examined for their ability to produce protease, chitinase, and cyanide acid. The same endophytic bacteria groups were also tested for their potential to control juvenile 2 of M. incognita on tomatoes by seed treatment and soil drenching. Agronomical and pathological traits were observed 40 days after nematodes infestation. Eighty endophytic bacteria groups were successfully isolated and 17 of them were considered potential. Physiological test showed that 16 groups of endophytic bacteria can produce protease enzyme, 12 groups can produce chitinase enzyme, and 5 groups can produce cyanide acid. Specific endophytic bacteria group, i.e. TmtN5 from roots of tomato plant, is the most effective isolate for suppressing root damage and population of RKN. This group was effective as biocontrol agents of RKN because it produceds chitinase, protease, and cyanide acid. This research provided a new information regarding the potential use of endophytic bacteria group as a biocontrol agent of RKN.

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