Susceptibility to disinfectants in antimicrobial-resistant and -susceptible isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from poultry-ESBL/AmpC-phenotype of E. coli is not associated with resistance to a quaternary ammonium

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1508-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Wieland ◽  
J. Boss ◽  
S. Lettmann ◽  
B. Fritz ◽  
K. Schwaiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
E Coli

scholarly journals Different Biliary Microbial Flora Influence Type of Complications after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Single Center Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Alessandro Coppola ◽  
Vincenzo La Vaccara ◽  
Tommaso Farolfi ◽  
Michele Fiore ◽  
Chiara Cascone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Postoperative Morbidity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Bacterobilia is associated with postoperative morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), mostly due to infectious complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bacteria species isolated from intraoperative biliary cultures, and related complications after PD. Methods: An ANOVA test was used to assess the prevalence of isolated bacterial species and postoperative complications. The odds ratio was computed to evaluate the association between biliary cultures and each complication, Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography (ERCP) and each complication, ERCP and biliary cultures, Delayed Gastric Emptying (DGE) and Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula (POPF). Results: Positive biliary cultures were found in 162/244 (66%) PDs. Different prevalences of polymicrobial biliary culture were detected in patients with postoperative complications. In SSIs, a significant prevalence of biliary culture positive for E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniæ and Enterococcus fæcalis (p < 0.001) was detected. Prevalences of polymicrobial biliary cultures with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniæ, Enterococcus fæcalis and Enterococcus fæcium were significantly associated with POPF (p < 0.001). Biliary culture positive for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus fæcalis and Enterococcus fæcium showed a higher prevalence of intra-abdominal collection and DGE (p < 0.001). Notably, Escherichia coli was significantly associated with DGE as a unique complication (OR = 2.94 (1.30–6.70); p < 0.01). Conclusions: Specific prevalences of polymicrobial bacterobilia are associated with major complications, while monomicrobial Escherichia coli bacterobilia is associated with DGE as a unique complication after PD.

scholarly journals Caracterización de microorganismos con potencial probiótico aislados de estiércol de terneros Brahman en Sucre, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Pedro Luis Castillo Arroyo ◽  
César Augusto Betancur Hurtado ◽  
Enrique Pardo Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
E Coli

El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar microorganismos con potencial probiótico de estiércol de terneros lactantes Brahman en Sucre (Colombia). Se aislaron bacterias y levaduras de las muestras de estiércol y se determinó la capacidad probiótica de estas cepas mediante pruebas de resistencia a sales biliares (0.05, 0.1, 0.15 y 0.3%), resistencia a pH ácido (pH 3, 4, 5.6, 7), tolerancia a NaCl (2, 4, 6, 8, 10%) y actividad antagónica (Salmonella sp y Escherichia coli). Nueve microorganismos fueron identificados y tres pasaron las pruebas de tolerancia. Se determinó la capacidad antagónica frente a bacterias patógenas (Salmonella sp y E. coli), evidenciada por halos (mm) de las tres cepas seleccionadas. La identificación de las cepas se realizó por los métodos bioquímicos API 50 CHL V5.1 para Lactobacillus y API 20 AUX para levaduras. El análisis molecular de dos cepas (M13a y 103M2) identificó la cepa M13a como Enterococcus faecium y la cepa 103M2 como Candida krusei. En conclusión, Enterococcus faecium se convierte en una alternativa viable para la formulación de un biopreparado para mejorar los parámetros productivos y disminuir los trastornos gastrointestinales en los terneros lactantes.

scholarly journals Efeito antimicrobiano do extrato de Cranberry sobre micro-organismos causadores de infecção urinária

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Carla Franco Porto Belmont Souza ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Souza da Silva Irineu ◽  
Renan Silva De Souza ◽  
Renato da Silva Teixeira ◽  
Ivina Sanches Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Vaccinium Macrocarpon ◽  
Mueller Hinton

A resistência microbiana tem se mostrado um problema de proporções mundiais, causando estado de morbidade e mortalidade em diversos pacientes. Em vista disso, tem crescido a busca por métodos alternativos naturais de profilaxia. A investigação clínica sugere que o Extrato de Cranberry está entre as melhores propostas de prevenção natural. O Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) é um fruto que tem crescido comercialmente pelo sabor e propriedades benéficas à saúde. Dentre as formas comercializadas estão: o suco, o chá e as cápsulas contendo o extrato seco. A ação desta planta está relacionada ao tratamento de doenças do trato urinário, por possuir substâncias que inibem a adesão bacteriana ao epitélio do trato urinário, dificultando sua proliferação e reprodução. Dentre todas as infecções relacionadas à assistência a saúde, a Infecção do Trato Urinário é a mais frequentemente associada a procedimentos invasivos. Se não for tratada, pode resultar em complicações como pielonefrite aguda, bacteremia e pionefrose. Portanto, cranberry pode ser uma nova alternativa para o combate das infecções uroepiteliais, por ser um produto natural de preço acessível, e com formas de comercialização diversificada, ao contrário dos antimicrobianos convencionais, que por sua vez são caros e podem acabar causando resistência nos micro-organismos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de Cranberry, adquirido em farmácia de manipulação, sobre 8 micro-organismos isolados de infecções urinárias. As cepas utilizadas, adquiridas da coleção da FIOCRUZ, foram: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marscecens, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium. No estudo, foram utilizados o caldo Mueller Hinton (MH), Extrato de Cranberry e as bactérias patogênicas. O ensaio foi realizado em triplicata, com o uso de um controle de crescimento dos micro-organismos e o experimento para avaliação do crescimento bacteriano na presença do extrato. A turbidez foi medida com o auxílio de um espectrofotômetro, no comprimento de onda de 600 nm, antes e após 24 horas de incubação à 37 ºC. O procedimento forneceu a Densidade Ótica, do qual possibilitou a identificação da inibição microbiana. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Teste t de Student. O Extrato de Cranberry apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Serratia marscecens e Enterococcus faecalis (p < 0,05), confirmando seu efeito benéfico em infecções urinárias. No entanto, não teve efeito inibitório significativo sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis e Enterococcus faecium (p > 0,05).

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis on Antimicrobial Resistance Trends and Prevalence of β-lactamases in Escherichia coli and ESKAPE Pathogens Isolated from Arabian Patients during 2000–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Mahfouz Nasser ◽  
Snehal Palwe ◽  
Ram Naresh Bhargava ◽  
Marc G. J. Feuilloley ◽  
Arun S. Kharat
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Eskape Pathogens

The production of diverse and extended spectrum β-lactamases among Escherichia coli and ESKAPE pathogens is a growing threat to clinicians and public health. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of evolving trends of antimicrobial resistance and β-lactamases among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acine to bacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) in the Arabian region. A systematic review was conducted in Medline PubMed on papers published between January 2000 and February 2020 on countries in the Arab region showing different antibiotic resistance among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens. A total of n = 119,144 clinical isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial resistance in 19 Arab countries. Among these clinical isolates, 74,039 belonged to E. coli and ESKAPE pathogen. Distribution of antibiotic resistance among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens indicated that E. coli (n = 32,038) was the predominant pathogen followed by K. pneumoniae (n = 17,128), P. aeruginosa (n = 11,074), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA, n = 4370), A. baumannii (n = 3485) and Enterobacter spp. (n = 1574). There were no reports demonstrating Enterococcus faecium producing β-lactamase. Analyses revealed 19 out of 22 countries reported occurrence of ESBL (Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase) producing E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens. The present study showed significantly increased resistance rates to various antimicrobial agents over the last 20 years; for instance, cephalosporin resistance increased from 37 to 89.5%, fluoroquinolones from 46.8 to 70.3%, aminoglycosides from 40.2 to 64.4%, mono-bactams from 30.6 to 73.6% and carbapenems from 30.5 to 64.4%. An average of 36.9% of the total isolates were reported to have ESBL phenotype during 2000 to 2020. Molecular analyses showed that among ESBLs and Class A and Class D β-lactamases, blaCTX-M and blaOXA have higher prevalence rates of 57% and 52.7%, respectively. Among Class B β-lactamases, few incidences of blaVIM 27.7% and blaNDM 26.3% were encountered in the Arab region. Conclusion: This review highlights a significant increase in resistance to various classes of antibiotics, including cephalosporins, β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, aminoglycosides and quinolones among E. coli and ESKAPE pathogens in the Arab region.

Attachment Strength to Pork Skin and Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Salt and Heat of Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from a Pork Slaughter Line

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2447-2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
AZADEH NAMVAR ◽  
KEITH WARRINER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Inactivation Kinetics ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Attachment Strength

The aim of this study was to determine whether the attachment strength to pork skin, quaternary ammonium salt resistance, and thermal inactivation kinetics (at 65°C) of a range of Escherichia coli isolates could be correlated with their temporal stability (persistence) within a pork slaughter line. The genetic lineage of the E. coli isolates was determined using entero-bacterial repetitive intergenic consensus–PCR. The genotypes were divided into transient and endemic populations based on the number of times they were recovered within and across sampling visits made to a pork slaughterhouse. No significant variation in the D-value at 65°C (0.27 to 0.51 min) was observed among the genotypes tested. However, differences in D-values were found for 100 ppm quaternary ammonium salt (3.0 to 6.0 min). All of the E. coli genotypes attached strongly to pork skin, and a high proportion of cells were irreversibly bound (39 to 42% of the initial inoculum). However, variation among genotypes was found with respect to loose attachment (21 to 33% of inoculated cells). No correlation between persistence of E. coli genotypes within the slaughter line and attachment strength or quaternary ammonium salt resistance was found. Variation in either physiological attribute could not be predicted based on genetic lineage. Additional or alternative factors may contribute to the ability of E. coli populations to become endemic within pork processing facilities. More studies should be conducted to elucidate the underlying factors that promote the formation of endemic populations of E. coli and other enteric bacteria (e.g., Salmonella) within slaughter lines.

VARIATIONS IN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF E. COLI INDUCED BY QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS

1951 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kenneth Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metallic Sheen ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Escherichia coli lost the ability to produce gas in liquid media and formed atypical small colony variants on desoxycholate agar, concurrent with induced resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds. Paralleling high resistance, the metallic sheen of colonies on confirmatory medium did not appear. The variant strains showed a decrease in growth rate, failed to reduce methylene blue, and were unable to ferment normal sugars. Thus, with induced resistance, variations occurred in Escherechia coli such as to reduce the value of coliform tests used to identify its presence.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Trovafloxacin against Bacteroides fragilis in Mixed Culture with either Escherichia coli or a Vancomycin- Resistant Strain of Enterococcus faecium Determined by an Anaerobic Time-Kill Technique

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna E. T. Stearne ◽  
Clarissa Kooi ◽  
Wil H. F. Goessens ◽  
Irma A. J. M. Bakker-Woudenberg ◽  
Inge C. Gyssens
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Abdominal Abscesses ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT To determine the efficacy of trovafloxacin as a possible treatment for intra-abdominal abscesses, we have developed an anaerobic time-kill technique using different inocula to study the in vitro killing ofBacteroides fragilis in pure culture or in mixed culture with either Escherichia coli or a vancomycin-resistant strain of Enterococcus faecium (VREF). With inocula of 5 × 105 CFU/ml and trovafloxacin concentrations of ≤2 μg/ml, a maximum observed effect (E max) of ≥6.1 (log10 CFU/ml) was attained with all pure and mixed cultures within 24 h. With inocula of 108CFU/ml, a similar E max and a similar concentration to produce 50% of E max(EC50) for B. fragilis were found in both pure cultures and mixed cultures with E. coli. However, to produce a similar killing of B. fragilis in the mixed cultures with VREF, a 14-fold increase in the concentration of trovafloxacin was required. A vancomycin-susceptible strain of E. faecium and a trovafloxacin-resistant strain of E. coli were also found to confer a similar “protective” effect on B. fragilis against the activity of trovafloxacin. Using inocula of 109 CFU/ml, the activity of trovafloxacin was retained for E. coli and B. fragilis and was negligible against VREF. We conclude that this is a useful technique to study the anaerobic killing of mixed cultures in vitro and may be of value in predicting the killing of mixed infections in vivo. The importance of using mixed cultures and not pure cultures is clearly shown by the difference in the killing of B. fragilis in the mixed cultures tested. Trovafloxacin will probably be ineffective in the treatment of infections involving large numbers of enterococci. However, due to its ability to retain activity against large cultures of B. fragilis and E. coli, trovafloxacin could be beneficial in the treatment of intra-abdominal abscesses.

scholarly journals ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОТИМІКРОБНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ КОМПОЗИЦІЇ ДЛЯ ЛІКУВАННЯ ЗАПАЛЬНИХ УРАЖЕНЬ ПАРОДОНТУ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
О. В. Павленко ◽  
М. В. Кривцова ◽  
О. О. Случевська ◽  
О. М. Ступницька
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
American Type Culture Collection ◽  
E Coli

Ціль дослідження. Запально-деструктивні захворю-вання пародонту в світі становлять не тільки зага-льномедичну, а й соціально-економічну проблему, яка спонукає до пошуку нових методів лікування та діаг-ностики. Сучасні концепції лікування хронічного гене-ралізованого пародонтиту передбачають застосу-вання комплексу терапевтичних, ортопедичних, хіру-ргічних і ортодонтичних методів лікування, і доволі часто їх ефективність є сумнівною.На сьогодні загальновизнаним препаратом вибору в пародонтології є хлоргексидину біглюконат (та його інші сполуки), оскільки він здатний пригнічувати ріст і формування колоній понад 80,00% мікроорганізмів біоплівки ротової порожнини.Також у клінічній практиці застосовують протимік-робні препарати системної дії, особливо у випадках агресивних і важких форм генералізованого пародон-титу, що виникають на фоні загальносоматичної патології, а також при ускладненнях хірургічних втручань. Матеріали та методи дослідження. Для проведення досліджень використовували типові музейні культу-ри ATTC (American Type Culture Collection, USA) Candida albicans ATCC 885–653; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923; Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, та клінічні культури ізольовані із ротової порожнини людей із запальними захворю-ваннями: мікроскопічні гриби роду Candida (C. albicans) Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis.Мінімальну бактерицидну та інгібуючу концентрацію досліджуваного гелю визначали у полістиролових пла-стикових 96-лункових планшетах.Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Ре-зультати дослідження показали, що досліджуваний гель та розчин хлоргексидину біглюконат 0,05% чини-ли активний вплив на музейні та клінічні штами ла-бораторних мікроорганізмів.Висновки. Отже, досліджуваний гель для лікування запальних уражень пародонту вітчизняного виробни-цтва «Джен-Метрогелур» виявився ефективним протимікробним засобом відносно клінічних та лабо-раторних штамів мікроорганізмів. Високочутливими до засобу виявилися клінічні та музейні культури C. albicans. Чутливими до гелю були культури S. aureus та музейні штами S. pyogenes та E. coli. Помірно чу-тливими виявилися культури E. faecalis та клінічні штами S. pyogenes та E. coli.

scholarly journals Propiedades antimicrobianas y citotóxicas de un adhesivo de uso ortodóncico adicionado con nanopartículas de plata

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Liliana Argueta Figueroa ◽  
Ma. Concepción Arenas-Arrocena ◽  
Ana Paulina Díaz–Herrera ◽  
Susana Vanessa García-Benítez ◽  
René García-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
E Coli

<p class="p1">El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto antibacteriano y la citotoxicidad de un adhesivo de uso ortodóncico con nanopartículas de plata (Ag np’s). Se determinó la actividad antimicrobiana mediante una prueba de difusión en disco para <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, y <em>Enterococcus faecalis </em>a diferentes concentraciones de nanopartículas de plata en un adhesivo ortodóncico. También se evaluó la citotoxicidad de dicho adhesivo al ser incorporadas<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Ag np’s, mediante el método de mtt. Los resultados mostraron que las bacterias en estudio, <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>E. coli </em>y <em>E. faecalis </em>fueron susceptibles tanto a las Ag np’s como al adhesivo mip ortodóncico adicionado con Ag np’s a concentraciones de 10, 5 y 3 v/v%.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2">El efecto antibacteriano de las nanopartículas de plata es dosis dependiente. La citotoxicidad del adhesivo mip ortodóncico en sí mismo exhibe una citotoxidad ligera a moderada, así como al incorporarle las Ag np’s a las concentraciones antes mencionadas. Las nanopartículas incorporadas en el adhesivo de uso ortodóncico muestran efecto antibacterial así como mantienen una citotoxicidad ligera.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>

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