scholarly journals The impact of horizontal gene transfer on targeting the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) to identify Acinetobacter junii strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 1435-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Maslunka ◽  
V. Gürtler ◽  
R.J. Seviour
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Acinetobacter Junii ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Adaptation by Ancient Horizontal Acquisition of Butyrate Metabolism Genes in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Moustafa ◽  
Senthil Kumar Velusamy ◽  
Lidiya Denu ◽  
Apurva Narechania ◽  
Daniel H. Fine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Like the bacterial residents of the human gut, it is likely that many of the species in the human oral microbiota have evolved to better occupy and persist in their niche. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is both a common colonizer of the oral cavity and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Here, we present a whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of Aa isolates from humans and nonhuman primates that revealed an ancient origin for this species and a long history of association with the Catarrhini, the lineage that includes Old World monkeys (OWM) and humans. Further genomic analysis showed a strong association with the presence of a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) catabolism locus (atoRDAEB) in many human isolates that was absent in almost all nonhuman OWM isolates. We show that this locus was likely acquired through horizontal gene transfer. When grown under conditions that are similar to those at the subgingival site of periodontitis (anaerobic, SCFA replete), Aa strains with atoRDAEB formed robust biofilms and showed upregulation of genes involved in virulence, colonization, and immune evasion. Both an isogenic deletion mutant and nonhuman primate isolates lacking the ato locus failed to grow in a robust biofilm under these conditions, but grew well under the carbohydrate-rich conditions similar to those found above the gumline. We propose that the acquisition of the ato locus was a key evolutionary step allowing Aa to utilize SCFAs, adapt, and modulate subgingival disease. IMPORTANCE There has been considerable interest in the impact of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on inflammatory effects related to the microbiome. Here, we present evidence that SCFAs may also be important in disease by providing an energy source or disease-associated cue for colonizing pathogens. We propose that SCFAs allow Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) to adapt to the subgingival anaerobic environment, which is the site of human periodontitis. Under anaerobic, SCFA-rich conditions, human-derived Aa strains that possess butyrate metabolism genes form strong biofilms and upregulate virulence genes. Our phylogenetic analysis highlights a long history of evolution of Aa with its primate hosts and suggests that the acquisition of butyrate metabolism genes may have been a critical step in allowing Aa to colonize a new niche and cause disease in humans. Overall, this study highlights the important role that horizontal gene transfer may play in microbial adaptation and the evolution of infectious disease.

On Inferring Additive and Replacing Horizontal Gene Transfers Through Phylogenetic Reconciliation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misagh Kordi ◽  
Soumya Kundu ◽  
Mukul S. Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Microbial Evolution ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconciliation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer is one of the most important mechanisms for microbial evolution and adaptation. It is well known that horizontal gene transfer can be either additive or replacing depending on whether the transferred gene adds itself as a new gene in the recipient genome or replaces an existing homologous gene. Yet, all existing phylogenetic techniques for the inference of horizontal gene transfer assume either that all transfers are additive or that all transfers are replacing. This limitation not only affects the applicability and accuracy of these methods but also makes it difficult to distinguish between additive and replacing transfers.Here, we address this important problem by formalizing a phylogenetic reconciliation framework that simultaneously models both additive and replacing transfer events. Specifically, we (1) introduce the DTRL reconciliation framework that explicitly models both additive and replacing transfer events, along with gene duplications and losses, (2) prove that the underlying computational problem is NP-hard, (3) perform the first experimental study to assess the impact of replacing transfer events on the accuracy of the traditional DTL reconciliation model (which assumes that all transfers are additive) and demonstrate that traditional DTL reconciliation remains highly robust to the presence of replacing transfers, (4) propose a simple heuristic algorithm for DTRL reconciliation based on classifying transfer events inferred through DTL reconciliation as being replacing or additive, and (5) evaluate the classification accuracy of the heuristic under a range of evolutionary conditions. Thus, this work lays the methodological and algorithmic foundations for estimating DTRL reconciliations and distinguishing between additive and replacing transfers.An implementation of our heuristic for DTRL reconciliation is freely available open-source as part of the RANGER-DTL software package from https://compbio.engr.uconn.edu/software/ranger-dtl/.

scholarly journals Metabolic and regulatory engineering of Serratia marcescens: mimicking phage-mediated horizontal acquisition of antibiotic biosynthesis and quorum-sensing capacities

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (7) ◽  
pp. 1899-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Coulthurst ◽  
Neil R. Williamson ◽  
Abigail K. P. Harris ◽  
David R. Spring ◽  
George P. C. Salmond
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Antibiotic Biosynthesis ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
The Impact

Serratia marcescens is an important cause of opportunistic human infections. Many, but not all, strains produce prodigiosin, a secondary metabolic, red-pigment antibiotic, the biosynthesis of which is directed by the pig gene cluster. Quorum sensing (QS) involves the production and detection of chemical signal molecules as a means to regulate gene expression in response to population cell density. Several strains of S. marcescens have previously been shown to possess an N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone (aHSL) QS system. This study aimed to determine the impact of introducing, by phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer, a biosynthetic gene cluster (pig) and a regulatory locus (aHSL QS) into strains lacking the respective trait. The pig cluster from S. marcescens ATCC 274 (Sma 274) was transferred to the non-pigmented strain, S. marcescens strain 12 (Sma 12). In the engineered strain, pigment was expressed and brought under the control of the recipient's native regulatory systems (aHSL QS and luxS). Moreover, transfer of the aHSL locus from Sma 12 to the non-QS Sma 274 resulted in the imposition of aHSL control onto a variety of native traits, including pigment production. In addition, during this study, the QS regulon of the clinical strain, Sma 12, was characterized, and some novel QS-regulated traits in S. marcescens were identified. The results have implications for the evolution and dissemination of biosynthetic and QS loci, illustrating the genetic modularity and ease of acquisition of these traits and the capacity of phages to act as vectors for horizontal gene transfer.

scholarly journals Plasmid Characteristics Modulate the Propensity of Gene Exchange in Bacterial Vesicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Tran ◽  
James Q. Boedicker
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Plasmid Copy Number ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Origin Of Replication ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTHorizontal gene transfer is responsible for the exchange of many types of genetic elements, including plasmids. Properties of the exchanged genetic element are known to influence the efficiency of transfer via the mechanisms of conjugation, transduction, and transformation. Recently, an alternative general pathway of horizontal gene transfer has been identified, namely, gene exchange by extracellular vesicles. Although extracellular vesicles have been shown to facilitate the exchange of several types of plasmids, the influence of plasmid characteristics on genetic exchange within vesicles is unclear. Here, a set of different plasmids was constructed to systematically test the impact of plasmid properties, specifically, plasmid copy number, size, and origin of replication, on gene transfer in vesicles. The influence of each property on the production, packaging, and uptake of vesicles containing bacterial plasmids was quantified, revealing how plasmid properties modulate vesicle-mediated horizontal gene transfer. The loading of plasmids into vesicles correlates with the plasmid copy number and is influenced by characteristics that help set the number of plasmids within a cell, including size and origin of replication. Plasmid origin also has a separate impact on both vesicle loading and uptake, demonstrating that the origin of replication is a major determinant of the propensity of specific plasmids to transfer within extracellular vesicles.IMPORTANCEExtracellular vesicle formation and exchange are common within bacterial populations. Vesicles package multiple types of biomolecules, including genetic material. The exchange of extracellular vesicles containing genetic material facilitates interspecies DNA transfer and may be a promiscuous mechanism of horizontal gene transfer. Unlike other mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer, it is unclear whether characteristics of the exchanged DNA impact the likelihood of transfer in vesicles. Here, we systematically examine the influence of plasmid copy number, size, and origin of replication on the loading of DNA into vesicles and the uptake of DNA containing vesicles by recipient cells. These results reveal how each plasmid characteristic impacts gene transfer in vesicles and contribute to a greater understanding of the importance of vesicle-mediated gene exchange in the landscape of horizontal gene transfer.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton pangenome reveals extensive prokaryotic horizontal gene transfer of diverse functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (18) ◽  
pp. eaba0111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Fan ◽  
Huan Qiu ◽  
Wentao Han ◽  
Yitao Wang ◽  
Dong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Eukaryotic Evolution ◽  
Polysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Robust Evidence

The extent and role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in phytoplankton and, more broadly, eukaryotic evolution remain controversial topics. Recent studies substantiate the importance of HGT in modifying or expanding functions such as metal or reactive species detoxification and buttressing halotolerance. Yet, the potential of HGT to significantly alter the fate of species in a major eukaryotic assemblage remains to be established. We provide such an example for the ecologically important lineages encompassed by cryptophytes, rhizarians, alveolates, stramenopiles, and haptophytes (“CRASH” taxa). We describe robust evidence of prokaryotic HGTs in these taxa affecting functions such as polysaccharide biosynthesis. Numbers of HGTs range from 0.16 to 1.44% of CRASH species gene inventories, comparable to the ca. 1% prokaryote-derived HGTs found in the genomes of extremophilic red algae. Our results substantially expand the impact of HGT in eukaryotes and define a set of general principles for prokaryotic gene fixation in phytoplankton genomes.

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