Filling the gap: Length-weight and length-length relationships of intertidal endemic fishes of the Brazilian Province Oceanic Islands

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrades ◽  
J.-C. Joyeux ◽  
J. M. Andrade ◽  
F. S. Machado ◽  
J. A. Reis-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Brazilian Province

scholarly journals Integrating Oceanographic Data and Benthic Community Structure Temporal Series to Assess the Dynamics of a Marginal Reef

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Biscaia Zamoner ◽  
Anaide Wrublevski Aued ◽  
Luis Carlos Pinto Macedo-Soares ◽  
Vitor André Passos Picolotto ◽  
Carlos Alberto Eiras Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Brazilian Province

Reefs are the richest marine ecosystems. Their benthic communities generate structural complexity and participate in nutrient cycles, providing habitat and food for many marine species. These ecosystems have been threatened by local and global anthropogenic impacts and changes in community structure have led to loss of biodiversity, ecosystem function and services worldwide. Most studies about these structural changes have been conducted in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific coral reefs. In the Southwestern Atlantic, where reefs are naturally algae-dominated, these efforts are incipient, especially at oceanic islands where local anthropic impacts tend to be lower, and natural and climate-induced fluctuations might be easily detected. We conducted the first temporal assessment of benthic communities and the influence of oceanographic parameters between 2013 and 2019 in Fernando de Noronha (FNA), the largest Brazilian oceanic archipelago. We annually sampled benthic communities in FNA’s shallow reefs (2–21 m) using photoquadrats, quantified and gathered organisms in major groups according to their functional roles. We also characterized and tested “sea surface temperature,” “marine heatwaves,” “diffuse attenuation coefficient,” and “wave energy” influence for the same period. The most abundant groups were epilithic algal matrix (EAM; mean annual coverage: 23–60%), macroalgae (15–35%) and calcifiers (15–29%), followed by cyanobacteria (1–37%), suspension/filter-feeders (<2%), zoanthids (<1%) and other invertebrates (<0.1%). EAM was negatively correlated with “marine heatwaves” and positively correlated with “wave energy,” while macroalgae and calcifiers showed opposite responses to “marine heatwaves” and “wave energy,” respectively. Cyanobacteria was positively correlated with “marine heatwaves.” The dominance of EAM and macroalgae was already described for reefs along the Brazilian Province and we demonstrated the persistence of this structure over the years in FNA, with the exception of 2019 when there was a substantial increase of cyanobacteria after a strong marine heatwave. Our results suggest a flickering dynamic between EAM and macroalgae, which vary according to the oceanographic conditions, reinforcing its distinct dynamics from most tropical coral reefs. However, the increase of cyanobacteria added to projections of more frequent and stronger marine heatwaves worldwide indicate possible structural changes in this community. Continued monitoring of community and oceanographic drivers is key for better understanding and predicting changes in important marginal reefs.

Echinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago, off Brazil, with new records and remarks on taxonomy and species composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Martins ◽  
Camilla Souto ◽  
Joel Braga ◽  
Marcos Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Brazilian Province ◽  
Oceanic Archipelagos

The degree of isolation of oceanic islands makes these environments an excellent model for evolutionary studies. Proper knowledge of the species composition of oceanic islands, however, is required to better understand evolutionary processes (e.g. speciation events). A 3-year survey in the shallow waters (up to 30 m) of the Trindade and Martin Vaz oceanic insular complex, and a literature review on the data published for these islands and for Fernando de Noronha and São Pedro and São Paulo oceanic archipelagos have been conducted to document the biodiversity of echinoids and holothuroids from these isolated Brazilian oceanic islands. Sixteen species were collected and characterized morphologically, including two first records for the South Atlantic and one for Brazil. Comparison with conspecific specimens from the Brazilian coast and congeners was also done. Species richness increased from six to 18; the richness in Trindade Island being the highest among the South Atlantic oceanic islands. However, these islands remain undersampled beyond 30-m depth. Endemism was very low, suggesting the potential role of oceanic currents and seamounts as stepping-stones in transoceanic dispersal of species to remote islands. The Brazilian oceanic islands are impoverished oceanic outposts of the Brazilian Province; nevertheless, endemic species and intraspecific morphological variations compared with the mainland suggest they may also be regions of speciation. Documenting their biodiversity is critical for effective management and conservation of their marine ecosystems.

Systematics and evolution of Lentibulariaceae: III. Utricularia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Jobson ◽  
Paulo C. Baleeiro ◽  
Cástor Guisande
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Utricularia is a morphologically and ecologically diverse genus currently comprising more than 230 species divided into three subgenera—Polypompholyx, Utricularia, and Bivalvaria—and 35 sections. The genus is distributed worldwide except on the poles and most oceanic islands. The Neotropics has the highest species diversity, followed by Australia. Compared to its sister genera, Utricularia has undergone greater rates of speciation, which are linked to its extreme morphological flexibility that has resulted in the evolution of habitat-specific forms: terrestrial, rheophytic, aquatic, lithophytic, and epiphytic. Molecular phylogenetic studies have resolved relationships for 44% of the species across 80% of the sections. Scant data are available for phylogeography or population-level processes such as gene flow, hybridization, or pollination. Because nearly 90% of the species are endemics, data are urgently needed to determine how to protect vulnerable species and their habitats.

scholarly journals Complete genomes of two extinct New Zealand passerines show responses to climate fluctuations but no evidence for genomic erosion prior to extinction

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 20190491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dussex ◽  
Johanna von Seth ◽  
Michael Knapp ◽  
Olga Kardailsky ◽  
Bruce C. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Demographic Trajectories ◽  
Human Climate

Human intervention, pre-human climate change (or a combination of both), as well as genetic effects, contribute to species extinctions. While many species from oceanic islands have gone extinct due to direct human impacts, the effects of pre-human climate change and human settlement on the genomic diversity of insular species and the role that loss of genomic diversity played in their extinctions remains largely unexplored. To address this question, we sequenced whole genomes of two extinct New Zealand passerines, the huia ( Heteralocha acutirostris ) and South Island kōkako ( Callaeas cinereus ). Both species showed similar demographic trajectories throughout the Pleistocene. However, the South Island kōkako continued to decline after the last glaciation, while the huia experienced some recovery. Moreover, there was no indication of inbreeding resulting from recent mating among closely related individuals in either species. This latter result indicates that population fragmentation associated with forest clearing by Maōri may not have been strong enough to lead to an increase in inbreeding and exposure to genomic erosion. While genomic erosion may not have directly contributed to their extinctions, further habitat fragmentation and the introduction of mammalian predators by Europeans may have been an important driver of extinction in huia and South Island kōkako.

Can habitat type predict the abundance of the European rabbits on oceanic islands?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonay Cubas ◽  
Jürgen Kluge ◽  
Víctor Bello-Rodríguez ◽  
Marcelino J. del Arco ◽  
Brian Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Type ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
European Rabbits

Advances in science for ecology and sustainable management of oceanic islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-220
Author(s):  
David Veliz ◽  
Carlos F. Gaymer ◽  
Alan M. Friedlander
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Oceanic Islands

Mechanisms of dispersal and establishment drive a stepping stone community assembly on seamounts and oceanic islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric F. Mazzei ◽  
Hudson T. Pinheiro ◽  
Thiony Simon ◽  
Rodrigo L. Moura ◽  
Raphael M. Macieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Stepping Stone

scholarly journals Potential changes in the connectivity of marine protected areas driven by extreme ocean warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Shigihara Lima ◽  
Douglas Francisco Marcolino Gherardi ◽  
Luciano Ponzi Pezzi ◽  
Leilane Gonçalves dos Passos ◽  
Clarissa Akemi Kajiya Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Tropical Ocean ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Rcp 8.5

AbstractProjected future climate scenarios anticipate a warmer tropical ocean and changes in surface currents that will likely influence the survival of marine organisms and the connectivity of marine protected areas (MPAs) networks. We simulated the regional effects of climate change on the demographic connectivity of parrotfishes in nine MPAs in the South Atlantic through downscaling of the HadGEM2-ES Earth System Model running the RCP 8.5 greenhouse gas trajectory. Results indicate a tropicalization scenario over the tropical southwest Atlantic following an increase of sea surface temperature (SST) between 1.8 and 4.5 °C and changes in mean surface currents between − 0.6 to 0.5 m s−1 relative to present conditions. High mortality rates will reduce demographic connectivity and increase the isolation of oceanic islands. The simulation of organismal response to ocean warming shows that acclimation can significantly improve (p < 0.001) particle survival, promoting connectivity and tropicalization of MPAs, with potential impacts on their functional integrity and long-term resilience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document