scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress on the Photosynthetic Characteristics in Flag Leaves at the Grain‐Filling Stage of Different Heat‐Resistant Winter Wheat Varieties

2013 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Feng ◽  
P. Liu ◽  
G. Li ◽  
S. T. Dong ◽  
F. H. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

scholarly journals The effect of heat stress on some main spike traits in 12 wheat cultivars at anthesis and mid-grain filling stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Milan Mirosavljević ◽  
Sanja Mikić ◽  
Ankica Kondić Špika ◽  
Vesna Župunski ◽  
Rong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Grain Distribution ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

High temperature decreases winter wheat grain yield by reducing the grain number and grain weight. The effect of heat stress on spike grain distribution and weight of individual grains within spike and spikelets was less studied. Our aim is to identify influence of high temperatures during different phenological stages on spike grain distribution and weight and to explore genotypic variation of the studied wheat cultivars. Within this study, a controlled experiment was conducted with 12 different winter wheat cultivars under heat stress at anthesis and mid-grain filling stage. The results showed that spike grain weight, thousand-grain weight and grain number per spike decreased moderately in treatments with individual heat stress at anthesis and mid-grain filling period, respectively, which decreased severely in the multiple heat stressed plants at both stages compared with the control treatment. Heat stress decreased number of spikelets with grains. Grain weight at the G1, G2 and G3 positions had a positive relationship with spike grain weight. Among the studied Serbian wheat cultivars Subotičanka and Renesansa were identified as the most heat tolerant and sensitive, respectively. Heat tolerance of the studied cultivars should be based on the cultivar capacity to retain higher grain weight, and to maintain production of distal spikelet grains.

scholarly journals Variation of 13C and 15N enrichments in different plant components of labeled winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7738
Author(s):  
Zhaoan Sun ◽  
Shuxia Wu ◽  
Biao Zhu ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Roland Bol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Information on the homogeneity and distribution of 13carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) labeling in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is limited. We conducted a dual labeling experiment to evaluate the variability of 13C and 15N enrichment in aboveground parts of labeled winter wheat plants. Labeling with 13C and 15N was performed on non-nitrogen fertilized (−N) and nitrogen fertilized (+N, 250 kg N ha−1) plants at the elongation and grain filling stages. Aboveground parts of wheat were destructively sampled at 28 days after labeling. As winter wheat growth progressed, δ13C values of wheat ears increased significantly, whereas those of leaves and stems decreased significantly. At the elongation stage, N addition tended to reduce the aboveground δ13C values through dilution of C uptake. At the two stages, upper (newly developed) leaves were more highly enriched with 13C compared with that of lower (aged) leaves. Variability between individual wheat plants and among pots at the grain filling stage was smaller than that at the elongation stage, especially for the −N treatment. Compared with those of 13C labeling, differences in 15N excess between aboveground components (leaves and stems) under 15N labeling conditions were much smaller. We conclude that non-N fertilization and labeling at the grain filling stage may produce more uniformly 13C-labeled wheat materials, whereas the materials were more highly 13C-enriched at the elongation stage, although the δ13C values were more variable. The 15N-enriched straw tissues via urea fertilization were more uniformly labeled at the grain filling stage compared with that at the elongation stage.

scholarly journals Screening of Foliar Reagent Reduces Cadmium Accumulation in Wheat Grains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglan Xia ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Zanming Chen ◽  
Hai Lan ◽  
Zhenguo Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils can be taken up by wheat and transferred into the grains, risking human health. In this study, we tested the effects of nineteen foliar treatments alone, and also combined treatments on the Cd concentration of grains in pot/field experiments, and the field experiment, respectively. In addition, we tested the better growth period for foliar application to inhibit Cd accumulation in wheat grains. Foliar application of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Sodium selenite (Se) and Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) can significantly reduce Cd concentration of wheat grains, with 49.2%, 29.6%, and 28.8% decreased respectively in the field. Foliar application of EDTA, Se, Zinc sulphate (Zn), Ascorbic acid (ASA), Sodium silicate (Si) and Ammonium molybdate (Mo) can significantly reduce Cd concentration of wheat grains in different treatments, with 32.3%, 32.0%, 27.7%, 27.7%, 26.3% and 25.9% decreased respectively in the pot. Thus, foliar application of 2 mM EDTA and 2 mM Se exerted excellent effects in controlling the Cd accumulation of wheat grains for both in pot and field experiment. We were concerned about the transfer of different aboveground tissues to the grain, foliar application with 0.1 mM Se or 2 mM EDTA significantly reduced Cd concentrations in grains both in grain filling stage and heading + grain-filling stage. Spraying at the filling stage of wheat has a better effect than at the heading stage for reducing the cadmium content in grains. In addition, the relationship between Cd concentration of grains and husks were significantly positive, while the relationship between Cd concentration of grains and flag leaves was significantly negative. Cd content in wheat grains decreased may be due to the Cd accumulation of flag leaves and the decrease of Cd transport from flag leaves and husks to the grains, which in turn reduces the transport of Cd to the grains.

Effects of Nitrogen Management on Protein Expression of Flag Leaves at Grain-Filling Stage in Large Panicle Rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Xing ZHANG ◽  
Zhong LI ◽  
Jun CHEN ◽  
Qi-Song LI ◽  
Long-Huai CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

scholarly journals The expression of the gene associated with β-glucan content, β-amylase and limit dextrinase synthesis as affected by post-heading heat stress in barley

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjing Ni ◽  
Huifang Zhao ◽  
Guoping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Malt Quality ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Limit Dextrinase ◽  
Malt Barley ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract Background: Malt barley shows a dramatic deterioration of malt quality when exposed to heat or high temperature stress during grain-filling stage (post heading), and global change results in the more frequent occurrence of high temperature, posing a severe threat to high-quality malt barley production. In a previous study, we found heat stress during grain-filling stage caused the significant reduction of kernel weight, and the significant increase of protein and β-glucan content, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase (LD) activities, and the effect varied with barley genotypes and the time of heat stress exposure.Results: In this study, we determined the relative expressions of HvCslF6 and HvCslF9 for β-glucan, HvBmy1 for β-amylase and LD gene for limit dextrinase of two barley cultivars（ZU9 and Hua30）under the two heat stress (HS) treatments (32/26℃, day/night), initiated from the 7th day (early grain-filling stage) and the14th day (middle grain-filling stage) after heading. In comparison with normal temperature (24/18℃, day/night), HS treatments significantly up-regulated the relative expression of all four genes, and Hua30 being larger than ZU9. The change pattern of each examined gene for the two barley genotypes under heat stress treatments is completely consistent with that of corresponding malt quality trait as affected by heat stress.Conclusion: The results indicate that the enhancement of β-glucan content, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase activities under high temperature during grain filling stage is at least in part attributed to increased expression of the relevant genes.

scholarly journals Detrimental effects of heat stress on grain weight and quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are aggravated by decreased relative humidity

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11218
Author(s):  
Haoliang Yan ◽  
Chunhu Wang ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Xiaohai Tian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

There is concern over the impact of global warming on rice production due increased heat stress, coupled with decreased relative humidity (RH). It is unknown how rice yield and quality are affected by heat stress and decreased RH during the grain filling stage. We conducted experiments in controlled growth chambers on six rice cultivars, varying in heat tolerance using 12 combinative treatments of three factors: two RH levels (75% and 85%), three temperature levels (the daily maximum temperature at 33 °C, 35 °C, and 37 °C), and two durations (8 d and 15 d after anthesis). Results showed that RH75% with temperature treatments significantly reduced grain weight, which was higher than RH85%. The same trend was also observed for both head rice rate and chalkiness. R168 was the most heat-tolerant cultivar, but it still had some differences in grain weight, head rice rate, and chalkiness between the two RH regimes. The lower RH was most detrimental at 35 °C, and to a lesser extent at 33 °C, but had a negligible effect at 37 °C. Our results provide a better understanding of temperature and RH’s interaction effects on rice quality during the grain filling stage, suggesting that RH should be considered in heat tolerance screening and identification to facilitate rice breeding and genetic improvement.

Effects of differences in date of ear emergence and height on yield of winter wheat

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Innes ◽  
J. Hoogendoorn ◽  
R. D. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Breeding Institute ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Crop Research ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

SUMMARYEarly and late, and short and tall lines were selected from a cross between the winter wheat varieties Norman and Talent. All short selections carried the Rht2 dwarfing gene while the tall ones did not. The selections were compared in field experiments at the Plant Breeding Institute in Trumpington and at The Murrays Experimental Farm of the Scottish Crop Research Institute near Pathhead. In one of the experiments at Trumpington the plots were automatically sheltered from rain and the effects of withholding water before anthesis and withholding water during grain filling were studied.In all trials the early selections gave grain yields equal to or greater than the late selections. There were no differences in number of ears/m2 or in number of grains per ear between the early and the late selections. Mean weight per grain of the early selections was greater than that of the late selections.The short selections gave grain yields equal to or greater than the tall selections, except when water was withheld during grain filling in the sheltered experiment. There were no differences in number of ears/m2 between the short and the tall selections. The number of grains per ear was greater and mean weight per grain was less for the short selections than for the tall selections.It is concluded that for general fitness to U.K. conditions, new varieties should be semi-dwarf, but earlier than current varieties.

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