The anus as a second mouth: anal suspension feeding by an oral deposit-feeding sea cucumber

2013 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
William. B. Jaeckle ◽  
Richard. R. Strathmann
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Deposit Feeding

Ultrastructure of the podia of Amphiura chiajei and Amphiura filiformis and their role in feeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Keogh ◽  
Brendan F. Keegan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Amphiura Filiformis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mucus Cells ◽  
Deposit Feeding

Morphological study of the podia of the suspension feeding Amphiura filiformis and the deposit feeding Amphiura chiajei revealed sensory–secretory complexes in the podial epidermis, consisting of four cells, two secretory and two sensory. Large mucus cells were found in association, but not exclusively, with the sensory–secretory complexes. In A. filiformis, mucus cells stained positively for both acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides, while, in A. chiajei, these cells stained only for acid mucopolysaccharides. The surfaces of the arm podia in A. chiajei were relatively smooth, while the arm podia of A. filiformis bear papillae. The sensory–secretory complexes open through numerous paired pores, with each pair having an intervening cilium. Pores were restricted to the podial tip in A. chiajei, while in A. filiformis they are concentrated on the podial tip and on the papillae. Amphiura chiajei shows very little differentiation of the podia along the length of the arm. In A. filiformis, the distal podia have papillae throughout their entire length, with pores being found on the head region and the papillar tips. Here, the papillae are oriented in such a way (i.e. facing inward towards the ventral arm plate) as to increase the area of the filtering surface of the podium, serviced by the sticky secretions from the sensory–secretory complexes. The proximal podia are relatively simple in structure and are thought to function more in the transportation of mucus wrapped particles to the mouth rather than in their capture. The difference in structure of the podia and chemical composition of podial secretory cells are taken to reflect the difference in feeding styles of the two species.

Effect of diets on the feeding behavior and physiological properties of suspension-feeding sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-893
Author(s):  
Zonghe Yu ◽  
Shawn Robinson ◽  
Bruce MacDonald ◽  
Terralynn Lander ◽  
Craig Smith
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Cucumaria Frondosa

scholarly journals BIOTURBATION OF DEPOSIT-FEEDING SEA CUCUMBER STICHOPUS JAPONICUS IN SUMMER

2003 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Michio KITANO ◽  
Yasunori KOZUKI ◽  
Kengo KURATA ◽  
Hitoshi MURAKAMI ◽  
Takayuki YAMASAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus ◽  
Deposit Feeding

A Note on Feeding in Leptopentacta (=Cucumaria) Elongata

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Douglas McKenzie ◽  
B. E. Picton
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Deposit Feeder ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Suspended Material ◽  
Deposit Feeders ◽  
Deposit Feeding ◽  
Winter Hibernation

Conflicting opinions exist as to the method of feeding employed by Leptopentacta elongata (Dub. and Kor). Orton (1914) and Mortensen (1927) suggested that it may be a deposit feeder. Chia & Buchanan (1969) noted that post larval specimens up to 1 year old deposit fed. Fankboner (1981), in a short study, concluded that the adults were cryptic deposit feeders. Hunt (1925) and Fish (1967), however, observed what they concluded was suspension feeding. All the above observations were the result of aquarium studies. Fish (1967) also demonstrated that Leptopentacta hibernated between October and April or May both in the field and in aquarium. He also observed that hibernation could be induced in the summer months by reducing water temperature to 8°C but that winter hibernation could not be curtailed by raising the water temperature.Obsevations made by one of us (B.P.) while diving indicate that Leptopentacta suspension feeds. This behaviour has been observed on several occasions from several sites around the Irish coastline with specimens then being caught and their identity confirmed. While feeding the tentacles are held clear of the substrate to intercept suspended material.These observations clearly do not support the description of Leptopentacta solely as a cryptic deposit feeder, indeed the evidence for the adults deposit feeding at all is weak. Orton (1914) and Mortensen were only speculating on Leptopentacta being a deposit feeder based on the observation that specimens in aquaria spent much of their time completely buried. Hibernation, as shown by Fish (1967), is a possible explanation for this.

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