Spontaneous movements, motor milestones, and temperament of preterm‐born infants: Associations with mother–infant attunement

Infancy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orna Lev‐Enacab ◽  
Efrat Sher‐Censor ◽  
Christa Einspieler ◽  
Orit Achamyelesh Jacobi ◽  
Galia Daube‐Fishman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Preterm Born

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effect of Preterm Birth on Renal Function: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Ju Sun Heo ◽  
Jiwon M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Preterm Born

The preterm-born adult population is ever increasing following improved survival rates of premature births. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate long-term effects of preterm birth on renal function in preterm-born survivors. We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies that compared renal function in preterm-born survivors and full-term-born controls, published until 2 February 2019. A random effects model with standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for meta-analyses. Heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using Higgin’s I2 statistics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Of a total of 24,388 articles screened, 27 articles were finally included. Compared to full-term-born controls, glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were significantly decreased in preterm survivors (SMD −0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.85 to −0.22, p = 0.0008; SMD −0.39, 95% CI, −0.74 to −0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). Length and volume of the kidneys were significantly decreased in the preterm group compared to the full-term controls (SMD −0.73, 95% CI, −1.04 to −0.41, p < 0.001; SMD −0.82, 95% CI, −1.05 to −0.60, p < 0.001, respectively). However, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin C showed no significant difference. The urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio was significantly increased in the preterm group. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also significantly elevated in the preterm group, although the plasma renin level did not differ. This meta-analysis demonstrates that preterm-born survivors may be subject to decreased glomerular filtration, increased albuminuria, decreased kidney size and volume, and hypertension even though their laboratory results may not yet deteriorate.

Uncus Herniation Presenting as Immediate Onset Postoperative Hemichorea

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Vinay Agarwal ◽  
Namit Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Aqueductal Stenosis ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractChorea is defined as a state of excessive spontaneous movements, irregularly timed, nonrepetitive, randomly distributed, and abrupt in character. Thalamic and subthalamic lesions are commonly known to cause hemichorea. Here, we describe a patient with hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis that caused hemichorea in the immediate postoperative period due to subthalamic infarct of uncus herniation. Considering that hydrocephalus symmetrically affects the central nervous system, the asymmetric presentation of chorea in the immediate postoperative period after wakening up from anesthesia could be confusing if a possibility of uncus herniation is not considered.

scholarly journals White matter analysis of the extremely preterm born adult brain

NeuroImage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 118112
Author(s):  
Hassna Irzan ◽  
Erika Molteni ◽  
Michael Hütel ◽  
Sebastien Ourselin ◽  
Neil Marlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Preterm Born

Effects of low-frequency stimulation of the superior colliculus on spontaneous and visually guided saccades

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 953-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Glimcher ◽  
D. L. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Arbitrary Point ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Low Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Current ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The first experiment of this study determined the effects of low-frequency stimulation of the monkey superior colliculus on spontaneous saccades in the dark. Stimulation trains, subthreshold for eliciting short-latency fixed-vector saccades, were highly effective at biasing the metrics (direction and amplitude) of spontaneous movements. During low-frequency stimulation, the distribution of saccade metrics was biased toward the direction and amplitude of movements induced by suprathreshold stimulation of the same collicular location. 2. Low-frequency stimulation biased the distribution of saccade metrics but did not initiate movements. The distribution of intervals between stimulation onset and the onset of the next saccade did not differ significantly from the distribution of intervals between an arbitrary point in time and the onset of the next saccade under unstimulated conditions. 3. Results of our second experiment indicate that low-frequency stimulation also influenced the metrics of visually guided saccades. The magnitude of the stimulation-induced bias increased as stimulation current or frequency was increased. 4. The time course of these effects was analyzed by terminating stimulation immediately before, during, or after visually guided saccades. Stimulation trains terminated at the onset of a movement were as effective as stimulation trains that continued throughout the movement. No effects were observed if stimulation ended 40–60 ms before the movement began. 5. These results show that low-frequency collicular stimulation can influence the direction and amplitude of spontaneous or visually guided saccades without initiating a movement. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the collicular activity responsible for specifying the horizontal and vertical amplitude of a saccade differs from the type of collicular activity that initiates a saccade.

Increasing muscle activity correlations during spontaneous movements in the first six months of life

2021 ◽  
pp. 135957
Author(s):  
I.Y. Dolinskaya ◽  
I.A. Solopova ◽  
D.S. Zhvansky ◽  
E.S. Keshishian ◽  
Y. Ivanenko
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Movements

Higher systolic blood pressure with normal vascular function measurements in preterm-born children

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 904-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O. Edwards ◽  
William John Watkins ◽  
Sarah J. Kotecha ◽  
Julian P. J. Halcox ◽  
Frank D. Dunstan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Preterm Born

Studies on motility in vitro of an ectoparasitic monogenean, Diclidophora merlangi

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Maule ◽  
D. W. Halton ◽  
J. M. Allen ◽  
I. Fairweather
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Water Turbulence

SummaryAn isometric transducer system has been used to record spontaneous motor activity in Diclidophora merlangi in vitro. Motility took the form of either continuous irregular contractions or bursts of activity with intermittent quiescent periods. Maximal activity was recorded from specimens at 5–8 °C in artificial sea water (ASW). Decerebration induced a period of enhanced motility which subsided within 1 h. Water turbulence elicited large, rapid contractions of the longitudinal body musculature which did not habituate or fatigue. Induced water turbulence at frequencies higher than 3/min inhibited spontaneous movements, resulting in a progressive reduction in contraction amplitude and, eventually (30/min), the abolition of any response to water movement. The neurotoxin tetrodotoxin failed to modify worm activity. Excitatory responses from both intact worms and strip preparations were obtained with 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and noradrenaline, but aminergic antagonists failed to block their effects. Atropine stimulated contractility, whereas the effects of acetylcholine or carbachol were inconsistent. Nicotine increased muscle tone but the effect was unaltered by atropine, mecamylamine or d–tubocurarine. Muscarine, hemicholinium, neostigmine and eserine were without apparent effect.

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