scholarly journals The development of visual attention in early infancy: Insights from a free‐viewing paradigm

Infancy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Krieber‐Tomantschger ◽  
Florian B. Pokorny ◽  
Iris Krieber‐Tomantschger ◽  
Laura Langmann ◽  
Luise Poustka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Free Viewing

scholarly journals Pop-Out: A New Cognitive Model of Visual Attention That Uses Light Level Analysis to Better Mimic the Free-Viewing Task of Static Images

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiese Mibulumukini
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Saliency Model ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Better Than

Human gaze is not directed to the same part of an image when lighting conditions change. Current saliency models do not consider light level analysis during their bottom-up processes. In this paper, we introduce a new saliency model which better mimics physiological and psychological processes of our visual attention in case of free-viewing task (bottom-up process). This model analyzes lighting conditions with the aim of giving different weights to color wavelengths. The resulting saliency measure performs better than a lot of popular cognitive approaches.

Grapheme–Color Synesthesia Influences Overt Visual Attention

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. A. Carriere ◽  
Daniel Eaton ◽  
Michael G. Reynolds ◽  
Mike J. Dixon ◽  
Daniel Smilek
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Colored Target

For individuals with grapheme–color synesthesia, achromatic letters and digits elicit vivid perceptual experiences of color. We report two experiments that evaluate whether synesthesia influences overt visual attention. In these experiments, two grapheme–color synesthetes viewed colored letters while their eye movements were monitored. Letters were presented in colors that were either congruent or incongruent with the synesthetes' colors. Eye tracking analysis showed that synesthetes exhibited a color congruity bias—a propensity to fixate congruently colored letters more often and for longer durations than incongruently colored letters—in a naturalistic free-viewing task. In a more structured visual search task, this congruity bias caused synesthetes to rapidly fixate and identify congruently colored target letters, but led to problems in identifying incongruently colored target letters. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for perception in synesthesia.

scholarly journals The Grouping-Induced Numerosity Illusion Is Attention-Dependent

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Pomè ◽  
Camilla Caponi ◽  
David C. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
Visual Distractor ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
The Relationship

Perceptual grouping and visual attention are two mechanisms that help to segregate visual input into meaningful objects. Here we report how perceptual grouping, which affects perceived numerosity, is reduced when visual attention is engaged in a concurrent visual task. We asked participants to judge the numerosity of clouds of dot-pairs connected by thin lines, known to cause underestimation of numerosity, while simultaneously performing a color conjunction task. Diverting attention to the concomitant visual distractor significantly reduced the grouping-induced numerosity biases. Moreover, while the magnitude of the illusion under free viewing covaried strongly with AQ-defined autistic traits, under conditions of divided attention the relationship was much reduced. These results suggest that divided attention modulates the perceptual grouping of elements by connectedness and that it is independent of the perceptual style of participants.

Overt visual attention for free-viewing and quality assessment tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 547-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Le Meur ◽  
A. Ninassi ◽  
P. Le Callet ◽  
D. Barba
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Assessment Tasks

scholarly journals S188. VISUAL ATTENTION IN EARLY-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS: THE IMPACT OF SPEAKING WHILE LOOKING AT PICTURES OF SOCIAL INTERACTIONS – EVIDENCE FROM EYE TRACKING DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S109-S110
Author(s):  
Chara Ioannou ◽  
Daniela Canu ◽  
Katarina Müller ◽  
Matthias Martin ◽  
Stefan Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Visual attention in Schizophrenia (SZ) differs from that of neuro-typical controls, and scan-path abnormalities have been proposed as a robust marker of the disorder (Nishiura et al., 2007). In free viewing paradigms, a restricted area of visual exploration has been reported as a robust atypical finding in SZ participants across a variety of depicted contents (Beedie et al., 2011), and has been shown to be a highly efficient discriminator between SZ and healthy controls (Benson et al., 2012). Moreover, speaking about what one sees during the act of looking has been shown to impact visual exploration behavior (Klein et al., 2014). Finally, despite clinical and genetic-biological relationships between schizophrenia, autism and ADHD (Owen & O’Donovan, 2017) there is, to our knowledge, yet no direct comparison between these neurodevelopmental disorders using eye tracking. The “head-to-head” comparison is the primary objective of this study. Methods We tested four groups of adolescent and young adults, namely early-onset Schizophrenia (SZ, N=21, 15 males, mean age ± 1 standard deviation 19.7±1.7 years), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD, N=28, 15 males, 19.9±1.4 years), Autism (ASD, N=26, 25 males, 19.7±1.9 years), and typical controls (TD, N= 29, 12 males, 19.8±1.6 years). The ocular-motor task battery comprised of different free viewing tasks including free viewing of different kinds of social interactions in static pictures whilst solely viewing versus viewing-plus speaking (in counterbalanced order). Eye movements were recorded with 1.000Hz using the EyeLink 1000+ system and analyzed with Data Viewer Eyelink Software and MATLAB (Version R2017a, Mathworks, USA). Statistical Analysis was performed in SPSS Statistics 2.3 (IBM, USA). Results Visual attention of SZ patients manifested significant less gaze scatter than TD whilst merely looking at the images. During looking and speaking, however, the two groups had a similar spatial scatter of fixations. Preliminary analyses indicate that participants with ADHD and ASD did not differ from TD in this measure. Discussion Constraint gaze scatter in visual exploration is a robust and discriminating finding in schizophrenia that has been associated with the negative symptomatology of the disorder. The present results confirm our previous findings (Klein et al., 2014) and suggest that the act of speaking may partially counteract and compensate the restricted visual scanning performed by SZ participants, thus contributing to a better understanding of Visual Attention in SZ and its differentiation from other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Weighted Voting-Based Effective Free-Viewing Attention Prediction On Web Image Elements

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-184
Author(s):  
Sandeep Vidyapu ◽  
Vijaya Saradhi Vedula ◽  
Samit Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Weighted Voting ◽  
Class Prediction ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Color Histograms ◽  
User Attention

Abstract Quantifying and predicting the user attention on web image elements finds applications in synthesis and rendering of elements on webpages. However, the majority of the existing approaches either overlook the visual characteristics of these elements or do not incorporate the users’ visual attention. Especially, obtaining a representative quantified attention (for images) from the attention allocation of multiple users is a challenging task. Toward overcoming the challenge for free-viewing attention, this paper introduces four weighted voting strategies to assign effective visual attention (fixation index (FI)) for web image elements. Subsequently, the prominent image visual features in explaining the assigned attention are identified. Further, the association between image visual features and the assigned attention is modeled as a multi-class prediction problem, which is solved through support vector machine-based classification. The analysis of the proposed approach on real-world webpages reveals the following: (i) image element’s position, size and mid-level color histograms are highly informative for the four weighting schemes; (ii) the presented computational approach outperforms the baseline for four weighted voting schemes with an average accuracy of 85% and micro F1-score of 60%; and (iii) uniform weighting (same weight for all FIs) is adequate for estimating the user’s initial attention while the proportional weighting (weight the FI in proportion to its likelihood of occurrence) extends to the latter attention prediction.

Facilitation of Saccades Toward a Covertly Attended Location in Early Infancy

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H Johnson ◽  
Michael I Posner ◽  
Mary K Rothbart
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Movement System

Covert shifts of visual attention may be demonstrated in both adult and infant subjects by facilitation of reaction times to make a saccade to a previously cued location However, this facilitation may be interpreted in terms of a direct effect on the eye movement system In the present experiment, we attempted to train 4-month-old infants to make a saccade in the location opposite from that in which a cue appeared Following such training, we examined the reaction time to occasional probe targets that appeared in the same location as the cue Infants were faster to respond to a target in this location than they were to respond to it either in the training (expected) location or in baseline trials We interpret the results as providing further evidence for covert shifts of attention in 4-month-old infants, and suggest that the effects of covert shifts of attention on the eye movement system are independent of those from sequence learning

Mastitis in early infancy

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Navratil ◽  
T. Stricker ◽  
F. H. Sennhauser
Keyword(s):  
Early Infancy
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document