Does surprise enhance infant memory? Assessing the impact of the encoding context on subsequent object recognition

Infancy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Csink ◽  
Denis Mareschal ◽  
Teodora Gliga
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Infant Memory ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Dopamine D3 receptor and GSK3β signaling mediate deficits in novel object recognition memory within dopamine transporter knockdown mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Kai Chang ◽  
Jung Chu ◽  
Ya-Ting Tsai ◽  
Yan-Heng Lai ◽  
Jin-Chung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Dopamine Signaling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Over-stimulation of dopamine signaling is thought to underlie the pathophysiology of a list of mental disorders, such as psychosis, mania and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These disorders are frequently associated with cognitive deficits in attention or learning and memory, suggesting that persistent activation of dopamine signaling may change neural plasticity to induce cognitive or emotional malfunction. Methods Dopamine transporter knockdown (DAT-KD) mice were used to mimic a hyper-dopamine state. Novel object recognition (NOR) task was performed to assess the recognition memory. To test the role of dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) on NOR, DAT-KD mice were treated with either a D3R antagonist, FAUC365 or by deletion of D3R. Total or phospho-GSK3 and –ERK1/2 signals in various brain regions were measured by Western blot analyses. To examine the impact of GSK3 signal on NOR, wild-type mice were systemically treated with GSK3 inhibitor SB216763 or, micro-injected with lentiviral shRNA of GSK3β or GSK3α in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Results We confirmed our previous findings that DAT-KD mice displayed a deficit in NOR memory, which could be prevented by deletion of D3R or exposure to FAUC365. In WT mice, p-GSK3α and p-GSK3β were significantly decreased in the mPFC after exposure to novel objects; however, the DAT-KD mice exhibited no such change in mPFC p-GSK3α/β levels. DAT-KD mice treated with FAUC365 or with D3R deletion exhibited restored novelty-induced GSK3 dephosphorylation in the mPFC. Moreover, inhibition of GSK3 in WT mice diminished NOR performance and impaired recognition memory. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of GSK3β, but not GSK3α, in the mPFC of WT mice also impaired NOR. Conclusion These findings suggest that D3R acts via GSK3β signaling in the mPFC to play a functional role in NOR memory. In addition, treatment with D3R antagonists may be a reasonable approach for ameliorating cognitive impairments or episodic memory deficits in bipolar disorder patients.

scholarly journals Insights into the role of diet and dietary flavanols in cognitive aging: results of a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Sloan ◽  
Melanie Wall ◽  
Lok-Kin Yeung ◽  
Tianshu Feng ◽  
Xinyang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
List Learning ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWith the world's population aging, age-related memory decline is an impending cognitive epidemic. Assessing the impact of diet on cognitive aging, we conducted a controlled, randomized, parallel-arm dietary intervention with 211 healthy adults (50–75 years) investigating effects of either a placebo or 260, 510 and 770 mg/day of cocoa flavanols for 12-weeks followed by 8-weeks washout. The primary outcome was a newly-developed object-recognition task localized to the hippocampus’ dentate gyrus. Secondary outcomes included a hippocampal-dependent list-learning task and a prefrontal cortex-dependent list-sorting task. The alternative Healthy Eating Index and a biomarker of flavanol intake (gVLM) were measured. In an MRI substudy, hippocampal cerebral blood volume was mapped. Object-recognition and list-sorting performance did not correlate with baseline diet quality and did not improve after flavanol intake. However, the hippocampal-dependent list-learning performance was directly associated with baseline diet quality and improved after flavanol intake, particularly in participants in the bottom tertile of baseline diet quality. In the imaging substudy, a region-of-interest analysis was negative but a voxel-based-analysis suggested that dietary flavanols target the dentate gyrus. While replication is needed, these findings suggest that diet in general, and dietary flavanols in particular, may be associated with memory function of the aging hippocampus and normal cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Digital Triplet Approach for Real-Time Monitoring and Control of an Elevator Security System

Designs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Gichane ◽  
Jean B. Byiringiro ◽  
Andrew K. Chesang ◽  
Peterson M. Nyaga ◽  
Rogers K. Langat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
The Impact

As Digital Twins gain more traction and their adoption in industry increases, there is a need to integrate such technology with machine learning features to enhance functionality and enable decision making tasks. This has lead to the emergence of a concept known as Digital Triplet; an enhancement of Digital Twin technology through the addition of an ’intelligent activity layer’. This is a relatively new technology in Industrie 4.0 and research efforts are geared towards exploring its applicability, development and testing of means for implementation and quick adoption. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Digital Triplet for a three-floor elevator system. It demonstrates the integration of a machine learning (ML) object detection model and the system Digital Twin. This was done to introduce an additional security feature that enabled the system to make a decision, based on objects detected and take preliminary security measures. The virtual model was designed in Siemens NX and programmed via Total Integrated Automation (TIA) portal software. The corresponding physical model was fabricated and controlled using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) S7 1200. A control program was developed to mimic the general operations of a typical elevator system used in a commercial building setting. Communication, between the physical and virtual models, was enabled using the OPC-Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) protocol. Object recognition using “You only look once” (YOLOV3) based machine learning algorithm was incorporated. The Digital Triplet’s functionality was tested, ensuring the virtual system duplicated actual operations of the physical counterpart through the use of sensor data. Performance testing was done to determine the impact of the ML module on the real-time functionality aspect of the system. Experiment results showed the object recognition contributed an average of 1.083 s to an overall signal travel time of 1.338 s.

Modeling object recognition under semantic impairment: The impact of conceptual regularities on perceptual decisions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy T. Rogers ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph ◽  
John R. Hodges ◽  
Karalyn Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semantic Impairment

scholarly journals The impact of ageing reveals distinct roles for human dentate gyrus and CA3 in pattern separation and object recognition memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena E. Dillon ◽  
Demitra Tsivos ◽  
Michael Knight ◽  
Bryony McCann ◽  
Catherine Pennington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Pattern Separation ◽  
Object Recognition Memory ◽  
The Impact

Tracking of secondary and temporary objects in structural concrete work

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelda Turkan ◽  
Frédéric Bosché ◽  
Carl T. Haas ◽  
Ralph Haas
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Earned Value ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Bim Object ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Previous research has shown that “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition systems, which fuse three dimensional (3D) point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or digital photogrammetry with 4D project building information models (BIM), provide valuable information for tracking construction works. However, until now, the potential of these systems has been demonstrated for tracking progress of permanent structural works only; no work has been reported yet on tracking secondary or temporary structures. For structural concrete work, temporary structures include formwork, scaffolding and shoring, while secondary components include rebar. Together, they constitute most of the earned value in concrete work. The impact of tracking secondary and temporary objects would thus be added veracity and detail to earned value calculations, and subsequently better project control and performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Two techniques for recognizing concrete construction secondary and temporary objects in TLS point clouds are implemented and tested using real-life data collected from a reinforced concrete building construction site. Both techniques represent significant innovative extensions of existing “Scan-vs-BIM” object recognition frameworks. Findings – The experimental results show that it is feasible to recognise secondary and temporary objects in TLS point clouds with good accuracy using the two novel techniques; but it is envisaged that superior results could be achieved by using additional cues such as colour and 3D edge information. Originality/value – This article makes valuable contributions to the problem of detecting and tracking secondary and temporary objects in 3D point clouds. The power of Scan-vs-BIM object recognition approaches to address this problem is demonstrated, but their limitations are also highlighted.

scholarly journals An intermittent hypercaloric diet alters gut microbiota, prefrontal cortical gene expression and social behaviours in rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C Reichelt ◽  
Amy Loughman ◽  
Ashton Bernard ◽  
Mukesh Raipuria ◽  
Kirsten N Abott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Behaviours

AbstractExcessive consumption of high fat and high sugar (HFHS) diets are known to alter reward processing and aspects of behaviour, and change microbiota profiles. Studies in gnotobiotic mice also provide evidence that gut microorganisms influence social behaviour. To further investigate these interactions, the impact of intermittent access to a HFHS diet on social behaviour, gene expression and microbiota composition was examined. Rats were permitted intermittent daily access (2h / day) to a palatable HFHS diet for 28 days across the adolescent period. Social interaction, social memory and novel object recognition were assessed during this period. Following testing, RT-PCR was conducted on hippocampal and prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples. 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing was used for identification and relative quantification of bacterial taxa. Reduced social interaction behaviours, and impaired social memory and novel object recognition were observed in HFHS diet rats. Reduced levels of monoamine oxidase A (Maoa), catechol-O-methyltransferase (Comt) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA were observed in the PFC of HFHS diet rats. The relative abundance of a number of specific taxa differed significantly between the two diet groups, in particular, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminoccoceae bacteria, which also predicted social behaviours, novel object recognition performance and Maoa expression. This is the first study to show that limited daily access to HFHS diet alters social behaviour and cognition in rats. Furthermore, behavioural changes are associated with alterations to cortical gene expression of enzymes involved in monoamine synthesis and neuroplasticity, and microbiota profiles predicted diet-induced changes to behaviour and gene expression.

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