A longitudinal study of the differential social‐cognitive foundations of early prosocial behaviors

Infancy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyntre Stout ◽  
Erin Karahuta ◽  
Deborah Laible ◽  
Amanda C. Brandone
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Foundations

scholarly journals Friends’ influence on the development of academic values in mathematics: are there differences between female and male dyads?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Reindl ◽  
Burkhard Gniewosz ◽  
Markus Dresel
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Academic Values ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
The Social ◽  
Other Regarding

Abstract Based on the social cognitive theory and the emotional contagion theory, this study investigated if friends influence (reinforce or change) the development of academic values (intrinsic value, emotional cost) and if this process differs across same-sex friendship dyads. We drew on data collected in a two-wave longitudinal study in Germany. The final sample was based on 264 stable reciprocated friendship dyads of grades 5 and 7 (148 female dyads and 116 male dyads). Results of actor-partner-interdependence models indicated that friends reinforce each other regarding the intrinsic value and initiate change regarding the emotional cost. Moreover, female and male friendship dyads did not differ in the strength of influence on academic values. Results were discussed in terms of selection and socialization effects regarding friendships.

scholarly journals The human socio-cognitive niche and its evolutionary origins

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1599) ◽  
pp. 2119-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten ◽  
David Erdal
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Primate Research ◽  
Cognitive Niche ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Hominin Evolution ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Anatomical Adaptations ◽  
Cognitive Foundations

Hominin evolution took a remarkable pathway, as the foraging strategy extended to large mammalian prey already hunted by a guild of specialist carnivores. How was this possible for a moderately sized ape lacking the formidable anatomical adaptations of these competing ‘professional hunters’? The long-standing answer that this was achieved through the elaboration of a new ‘cognitive niche’ reliant on intelligence and technology is compelling, yet insufficient. Here we present evidence from a diversity of sources supporting the hypothesis that a fuller answer lies in the evolution of a new socio-cognitive niche , the principal components of which include forms of cooperation, egalitarianism, mindreading (also known as ‘theory of mind’), language and cultural transmission, that go far beyond the most comparable phenomena in other primates. This cognitive and behavioural complex allows a human hunter–gatherer band to function as a unique and highly competitive predatory organism. Each of these core components of the socio-cognitive niche is distinctive to humans, but primate research has increasingly identified related capacities that permit inferences about significant ancestral cognitive foundations to the five pillars of the human social cognitive niche listed earlier. The principal focus of the present study was to review and integrate this range of recent comparative discoveries.

Transitional Processes in Social Cognitive Development: A Longitudinal Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin W. Berkowitz ◽  
Monika Keller
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Social Cognitive Development ◽  
Modal Reasoning ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Transitional Processes ◽  
Stage Change

Microprocesses of stage change were studied by applying Snyder and Feldman's consolidation/transition model to substages and subcontents of Selman's stages of friendship reasoning in a six-year longitudinal study of 97 9-to 15-year-old children. It was hypothesised that individuals exhibiting reasoning above their own modal stages would be more likely to experience a developmental advance in modal reasoning, even when examined at the level of substage and subcontent. This was confirmed; however, the amount of variance in above mode reasoning was not related to development. Finally, controversies in the prior literature were explained by methodological differences. It was concluded that the Piagetian processes underlying the Snyder and Feldman model were supported.

Symbols and Symbolic Thought

2013 ◽  
pp. 973-1006
Author(s):  
Tara Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Symbolic Thought ◽  
Cognitive Foundations ◽  
Material Artifacts ◽  
Symbol Use

This chapter explores the development of symbol use and symbolic thought across diverse domains (gesture, linguistic, pretense, and the material artifacts of models, pictures, maps, and video). The chapter begins with a clarification of different conceptualizations of central theoretical constructs. Then, evidence to support major theoretical claims in the field is considered. A number of themes emerge from these findings. There is clear evidence that for all domains the onset of symbolic insight is based on solid perceptual, cognitive, learning, and social-cognitive foundations. The importance of social supports from expert symbol users was also evident. New proposals that link symbolic knowledge to the development of consciousness and the uniquely human motive to share promise to generate exciting new developments in this field.

scholarly journals Perceived somatic and affective barriers for self-efficacy and physical activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1850-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M Warner ◽  
Julia K Wolff ◽  
Svenja M Spuling ◽  
Susanne Wurm
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

According to Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, perceptions of somatic and affective barriers are sources of self-efficacy. This longitudinal study compares general indicators of health barriers with measures of perceived somatic and affective barriers to predict self-efficacy and accelerometer-assessed physical activity in a subsample of n = 153 (selected at random from N = 310) community-dwelling German older adults. Perceived somatic and affective barriers longitudinally predicted physical activity mediated by self-efficacy, whereas general health barriers did not. Perceived health barriers to physical activity might be more important than more objective health barriers for older adults’ physical activity levels.

Sex and Developmental Differences by Complexity of Functions of Occupational Aspirations of School Children across Ten Years

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Helwig
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
School Children ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Occupational Aspirations ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Senior Year

The present longitudinal study examined the complexity of workers' functions for 65 children's occupational aspirations during a 10-yr. span beginning when the children were 7 yr. old and in Grade 2. Every two years through the senior year in high school, the children were interviewed, for a total of six interviews. Sex and developmental differences in occupational aspirations were examined with respect to the focus on Data, People, or Things. Girls ( n = 31) selected occupational aspirations requiring greater complexity in People functions throughout the study. From Grades 2 to 8 boys chose occupations with greater complexity of Things and girls chose occupations with greater complexity of Data. Developmentally, all children chose increasingly more complex Data occupations from Grades 2 to 12. Occupational aspirations in high school showed a decrease in the complexity of workers' functions involving People and Things. These observations would be expected from social cognitive theory and the 1981 career development theory of Gottfredson.

scholarly journals How does community service promote prosocial behavior? Examining the role of agency and ideology experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Christoph ◽  
Burkhard Gniewosz ◽  
Heinz Reinders
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
World Views ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Intraindividual Change ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions

This study examines community service effects on adolescents’ prosocial behaviors as mediated through experiences made during service. Based on theoretical assumptions by Youniss and Yates, we suggest that personal agency experiences and being confronted with situations that can challenge the own world views (ideology experiences) serve as mediators. The data were collected in a two-wave longitudinal study surveying 2,408 German adolescents aged between 14 and 15 years. Based on true intraindividual change models, the results support the expected mediation of service effects on prosocial behaviors through agency, but not ideology experiences. The findings suggest that community service affects prosocial behaviors through a behavioral pathway.

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