scholarly journals Influence of moisturizer and relative humidity on human emissions of fluorescent biological aerosol particles

Indoor Air ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhou ◽  
W. Fang ◽  
Q. Cao ◽  
L. Yang ◽  
V. W.-C. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Biological Aerosol Particles

scholarly journals Fluorescent biological aerosol particles: Concentrations, emissions, and exposures in a northern California residence

Indoor Air ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tian ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
P. K. Misztal ◽  
J. Xiong ◽  
C. M. Arata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Biological Aerosol Particles

scholarly journals Characterisation of biofluorescent aerosol emissions over winter and summer periods in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Forde ◽  
Martin Gallagher ◽  
Virginia Foot ◽  
Roland Sarda-Esteve ◽  
Ian Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fluorescent Particles

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) are an abundant subset of atmospheric aerosol particles which comprise viruses, bacteria, fungal spores, pollen, and fragments such as plant and animal debris. The abundance and diversity of these particles remain poorly constrained, causing significant uncertainties for modelling scenarios and for understanding the potential implications of these particles in different environments. PBAP concentrations were studied at four different sites in the United Kingdom (Weybourne, Davidstow, Capel Dewi, and Chilbolton) using an ultra-violet light induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) instrument, the Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Spectrometer (WIBS), versions 3 and 4. Using hierarchical agglomerative cluster (HAC) analysis, particles were statistically discriminated between. Fluorescent particles and clusters were then analysed by assessing their diurnal variation and their relationship to the meteorological variables, temperature and relative humidity, and wind speed and direction. Using local land cover types, sources of the suspected fluorescent particles and clusters were then identified. Most sites exhibited a wet discharged fungal spore dominance, with the exception of one site, Davidstow, which had higher concentrations of bacteria, suggested to result from the presence of a local dairy factory. Differences were identified as to the sources of wet discharged fungal spores, with particles originating from arable and horticultural land at Chilbolton, and improved grassland areas at Weybourne. Total fluorescent particles at Capel Dewi were inferred to comprise two sources, with bacteria originating from the broadleaf and coniferous woodland and wet discharged fungal spores from nearby improved grassland areas, similar to Weybourne. The use of HAC and a higher fluorescence threshold (9SD) produced clusters which were considered to be biological following the complete analysis. More knowledge of the reaction of speciated biological particles to differences in meteorology, such as relative humidity and temperature would aid characterisation studies such as this.

scholarly journals Simulating the influence of primary biological aerosol particles on clouds by heterogeneous ice nucleation

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 15437-15450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hummel ◽  
Corinna Hoose ◽  
Bernhard Pummer ◽  
Caroline Schaupp ◽  
Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Ice Crystals ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Cloud Ice ◽  
Biological Aerosol Particles ◽  
Ice Phase ◽  
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation

Abstract. Primary ice formation, which is an important process for mixed-phase clouds with an impact on their lifetime, radiative balance, and hence the climate, strongly depends on the availability of ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Supercooled droplets within these clouds remain liquid until an INP immersed in or colliding with the droplet reaches its activation temperature. Only a few aerosol particles are acting as INPs and the freezing efficiency varies among them. Thus, the fraction of supercooled water in the cloud depends on the specific properties and concentrations of the INPs. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) have been identified as very efficient INPs at high subzero temperatures, but their very low atmospheric concentrations make it difficult to quantify their impact on clouds. Here we use the regional atmospheric model COSMO–ART to simulate the heterogeneous ice nucleation by PBAPs during a 1-week case study on a domain covering Europe. We focus on three highly ice-nucleation-active PBAP species, Pseudomonas syringae bacteria cells and spores from the fungi Cladosporium sp. and Mortierella alpina. PBAP emissions are parameterized in order to represent the entirety of bacteria and fungal spores in the atmosphere. Thus, only parts of the simulated PBAPs are assumed to act as INPs. The ice nucleation parameterizations are specific for the three selected species and are based on a deterministic approach. The PBAP concentrations simulated in this study are within the range of previously reported results from other modeling studies and atmospheric measurements. Two regimes of PBAP INP concentrations are identified: a temperature-limited and a PBAP-limited regime, which occur at temperatures above and below a maximal concentration at around −10 ∘C, respectively. In an ensemble of control and disturbed simulations, the change in the average ice crystal concentration by biological INPs is not statistically significant, suggesting that PBAPs have no significant influence on the average state of the cloud ice phase. However, if the cloud top temperature is below −15 ∘C, PBAP can influence the cloud ice phase and produce ice crystals in the absence of other INPs. Nevertheless, the number of produced ice crystals is very low and it has no influence on the modeled number of cloud droplets and hence the cloud structure.

A relative humidity processing method for the sampling of aerosol particles with low growth-ability

Tellus B ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENGT G. MARTINSSON ◽  
HANS-CHRISTEN HANSSON ◽  
LARS ASKING ◽  
SVEN-INGE CEDERFELT
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Growth Ability

scholarly journals Fungi Diversity in PM<sub>1</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the summit of Mt. Tai: Abundance, Size Distribution, and Seasonal Variation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Xu ◽  
Min Wei ◽  
Jianmin Chen ◽  
Chao Zhu ◽  
Jiarong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China Plain ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Ambient Fungi ◽  
Biological Aerosol Particles

Abstract. Fungi are ubiquitous throughout the near-surface atmosphere, where they represent an important component of primary biological aerosol particles. This study combined the internal transcribed spacer region sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate the ambient fungi in fine (PM2.5) and submicron (PM1) particles at the summit of Mt. Tai located in the North China Plain, China. The fungal abundance was 9.4 × 104 and 1.3 × 105 copies m−3 in PM2.5 and PM1, respectively. Most of the fungal sequences was from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota which are known to discharge actively spores into the atmosphere. The fungal community showed a significant seasonal shift across different size fraction based on the metastats analysis and kruskal-wallis rank sum test. The abundance of Glomerella and Zasmidium increased and decreased as the particle size got bigger in autumn. Nevertheless, Penicillum, Bullera, and Phaeosphaeria increased in smaller particles in winter. This work may serve as an important reference for the fungal contribution to primary biological aerosol particles.

scholarly journals Regional-scale simulations of fungal spore aerosols using an emission parameterization adapted to local measurements of fluorescent biological aerosol particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 6127-6146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hummel ◽  
C. Hoose ◽  
M. Gallagher ◽  
D. A. Healy ◽  
J. A. Huffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Reactive Trace Gases ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
Biological Aerosol Particles

Abstract. Fungal spores as a prominent type of primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) have been incorporated into the COSMO-ART (Consortium for Small-scale Modelling-Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) regional atmospheric model. Two literature-based emission rates for fungal spores derived from fungal spore colony counts and chemical tracer measurements were used as a parameterization baseline for this study. A third, new emission parameterization for fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAP) was adapted to field measurements from four locations across Europe. FBAP concentrations can be regarded as a lower estimate of total PBAP concentrations. Size distributions of FBAP often show a distinct mode at approx. 3 μm, corresponding to a diameter range characteristic for many fungal spores. Previous studies for several locations have suggested that FBAP are in many cases dominated by fungal spores. Thus, we suggest that simulated FBAP and fungal spore concentrations obtained from the three different emission parameterizations can be compared to FBAP measurements. The comparison reveals that simulated fungal spore concentrations based on literature emission parameterizations are lower than measured FBAP concentrations. In agreement with the measurements, the model results show a diurnal cycle in simulated fungal spore concentrations, which may develop partially as a consequence of a varying boundary layer height between day and night. Temperature and specific humidity, together with leaf area index (LAI), were chosen to drive the new emission parameterization which is fitted to the FBAP observations. The new parameterization results in similar root mean square errors (RMSEs) and correlation coefficients compared to the FBAP observations as the previously existing fungal spore emission parameterizations, with some improvements in the bias. Using the new emission parameterization on a model domain covering western Europe, FBAP in the lowest model layer comprise a fraction of 15% of the total aerosol mass over land and reach average number concentrations of 26 L−1. The results confirm that fungal spores and biological particles may account for a major fraction of supermicron aerosol particle number and mass concentration over vegetated continental regions and should thus be explicitly considered in air quality and climate studies.

Two-photon excited fluorescence from biological aerosol particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1511-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasanthi Sivaprakasam ◽  
Janet W. Lou ◽  
Marc Currie ◽  
Jay D. Eversole
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Biological Aerosol Particles
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