scholarly journals From lipid second messengers to molecular motors: microtubule-organizing center reorientation in T cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Huse ◽  
Audrey Le Floc'h ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Center ◽  
Organizing Center

scholarly journals Stathmin Regulates Microtubule Dynamics and Microtubule Organizing Center Polarization in Activated T Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 5421-5427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. Filbert ◽  
Marie Le Borgne ◽  
Joseph Lin ◽  
John E. Heuser ◽  
Andrey S. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Microtubule Dynamics ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Center ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Organizing Center

Imaging of plasmacytoid dendritic cell interactions with T cells

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Mittelbrunn ◽  
Gloria Martínez del Hoyo ◽  
María López-Bravo ◽  
Noa B. Martín-Cofreces ◽  
Alix Scholer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Type I ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Center ◽  
Immune Synapse ◽  
Organizing Center

Abstract Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) efficiently produce type I interferon and participate in adaptive immune responses, although the molecular interactions between pDCs and antigen-specific T cells remain unknown. This study examines immune synapse (IS) formation between murine pDCs and CD4+ T cells. Mature pDCs formed canonical ISs, involving relocation to the contact site of the microtubule-organizing center, F-actin, protein kinase C-θ, and pVav, and activation of early signaling molecules in T cells. However, immature pDCs were less efficient at forming conjugates with T cells and inducing IS formation, microtubule-organizing center translocation, and T-cell signaling and activation. Time-lapse videomicroscopy and 2-photon in vivo imaging of pDC–T-cell interactions revealed that immature pDCs preferentially mediated transient interactions, whereas mature pDCs promoted more stable contacts. Our data indicate that, under steady-state conditions, pDCs preferentially establish transient contacts with naive T cells and show a very modest immunogenic capability, whereas on maturation, pDCs are able to form long-lived contacts with T cells and significantly enhance their capacity to activate these lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Cytokine Secretion by CD4+ T Cells at the Immunological Synapse Requires Cdc42-Dependent Local Actin Remodeling but Not Microtubule Organizing Center Polarity

2012 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 2159-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Chemin ◽  
Armelle Bohineust ◽  
Stéphanie Dogniaux ◽  
Marie Tourret ◽  
Sarah Guégan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Immunological Synapse ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Center ◽  
Actin Remodeling ◽  
Organizing Center

Localization of myosin Va is dependent on the cytoskeletal organization in the cell

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Lionne ◽  
Folma Buss ◽  
Tony Hodge ◽  
Gudrun Ihrke ◽  
John Kendrick-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Myosin V ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Center ◽  
Organizing Center ◽  
Myosin Va ◽  
Dynamic Membranes ◽  
In Cells

Myosin V plays an important role in membrane trafficking events. Its implication in the transport of pigment granules in melanocytes and synaptic vesicles in neurons is now well established. However, less is known about its function(s) in other cell types. Finding a common function is complicated by the diversity of myosin V expression in different tissues and organisms and by its association with different subcellular compartments. Here we show that myosin V is present in a variety of cells. Within the same cell type under different physiological conditions, we observed two main cellular locations for myosin V that were dependent on the dynamics of the plasma membrane: in cells with highly dynamic membranes, myosin V was specifically concentrated at the leading edge in membrane ruffles, whereas in cells with less dynamic membranes, myosin V was enriched around the microtubule-organizing center. The presence of myosin V in the leading ruffling edge of the cell was induced by growth factor stimulation and was dependent on the presence of a functional motor domain. Moreover, myosin V localization at the microtubule-organizing center was dependent on the integrity of the microtubules. In polarized epithelial cells (WIF-B), where the microtubule-organizing region is close to the actin-rich apical surface, one single pool of myosin V, sensitive to the integrity of both microtubules and actin filaments, was observed.Key words: cell motility, cytoskeleton dynamics, molecular motors, mouse brain unconventional myosin Va, ruffles.

scholarly journals Phosphoproteomics of CD2 signaling reveals an AMPK-dependent regulation of lytic granule polarization in cytotoxic T cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Zurli ◽  
Tommaso Montecchi ◽  
Raphael Heilig ◽  
Isabel Poschke ◽  
Michael Volkmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Center ◽  
Lytic Granules ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Organizing Center ◽  
Insight Into

SummaryThe in-depth analysis of costimulatory signaling enhancing the activity of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) represents a major approach towards immunotherapy development. Here we report that CD2 costimulation plays a critical role in killing by freshly isolated human CTLs, which represent a challenging but valuable study model to gain insight into CTL biology. We show that CD2 triggering critically aids signaling by the T cell receptor in the formation of functional immune synapses by promoting the polarization of lytic granules towards the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). To gain insight into the underlying elusive mechanism, we explored the CD2 signaling network by phosphoproteomics, which revealed 616 CD2-regulated phosphorylation events in 373 proteins implicated in the regulation of vesicular trafficking, cytoskeleton organization, autophagy and metabolism. Strikingly, signaling by the master metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) represents a functionally critical node of the CD2 network which regulates granule polarization towards the MTOC in CTLs. Granule trafficking is driven by active AMPK enriched on adjacent lysosomes, illustrating a novel signaling cross-talk between vesicular compartments in CTLs. Our results thus establish CD2 signaling as key for regulating cytotoxic killing and granule polarization in freshly isolated CTLs and strengthens the rationale to choose CD2 and AMPK as therapeutic targets to boost CTL activity.

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