scholarly journals IL‐36 cytokines and gut immunity

Immunology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu L. Ngo ◽  
Michal Kuczma ◽  
Estera Maxim ◽  
Timothy L. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Gut Immunity

scholarly journals Lentinan administration alleviates diarrhea of rotavirus-infected weaned pigs via regulating intestinal immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangqi Fan ◽  
Haiyan Hu ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Jun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence

Abstract Background Lentinan (LNT) may regulate many important physiological functions of human and animals. This study aimed to verify whether LNT administration could relieve diarrhea via improving gut immunity in rotavirus (RV)-challenged weaned pigs. Methods Twenty-eight weaned pigs were randomly fed 2 diets containing 0 or 84 mg/kg LNT product for 19 d (n = 14). RV infection was executed on d 15. After extracting polysaccharides from LNT product, its major monosaccharides were analyzed. Then, LNT polysaccharide was used to administrate RV-infected IPEC-J2 cells. Results Dietary LNT supplementation supported normal function of piglets even when infected with RV, as reflected by reduced growth performance loss and diarrhea prevalence, and maintained gut immunity (P < 0.05). The polysaccharide was isolated from LNT product, which molecular weight was 5303 Da, and major monosaccharides included glucose, arabinose and galactose. In RV-infected IPEC-J2 cells, this polysaccharide significantly increased cell viability (P < 0.05), and significantly increased anti-virus immunity via regulating pattern recognition receptors and host defense peptides (P < 0.05). Conclusion Those results suggest that LNT administration increases the piglets’ resistance to RV-induced stress, likely by supporting intestinal immunity.

Glycans as critical regulators of gut immunity in homeostasis and disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Dias ◽  
Márcia S. Pereira ◽  
Nuno A. Padrão ◽  
Inês Alves ◽  
Ricardo Marcos-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Immunity

scholarly journals Milk-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate ulcerative colitis by regulating the gut immunity and reshaping the gut microbiota

Theranostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8570-8586
Author(s):  
Lingjun Tong ◽  
Haining Hao ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Youyou Lv ◽  
Xi Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Gut Immunity

OR36: Influence of Short-Term Fasting and Carbohydrate Administration on Gut Immunity and Mucosal Morphology in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. S15
Author(s):  
K. Higashizono ◽  
K. Fukatsu ◽  
A. Watkins ◽  
M. Noguchi ◽  
T. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Morphology

scholarly journals Cellular and molecular changes and immune response in the intestinal mucosa during Trichinella spiralis early infection in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Priscila Saracino ◽  
Cecilia Celeste Vila ◽  
Melina Cohen ◽  
María Virginia Gentilini ◽  
Guido Hernán Falduto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Gut Mucosa

Abstract Background: The main targets of the host’s immune system in Trichinella spiralis infection are the adult worms (AW), at the gut level, and the migrant or newborn larvae (NBL), at systemic and pulmonary levels. Most of the studies carried out in the gut mucosa have been performed on the Payer’s patches and/or the mesenteric lymph nodes but not on the lamina propria, therefore, knowledge on the gut immune response against T. spiralis remains incomplete. Methods This study aimed at characterizing the early mucosal immune response against T. spiralis, particularly, the events taking place between 1 and 13 dpi. For this purpose, Wistar rats were orally infected with muscle larvae of T. spiralis and the humoral and cellular parameters of the gut immunity were analysed, including the evaluation of the ADCC mechanism exerted by lamina propria cells. Results A marked inflammation and structural alteration of the mucosa was found. The changes involved an increase in goblet cells, eosinophils and mast cells, and B and T lymphocytes, initially displaying a Th1 profile, characterised by the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-12, followed by a polarization towards a Th2 profile, with a marked increase in IgE, IgG1, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels, which occurred once the infection was established. In addition, the helminthotoxic activity of lamina propria cells demonstrated the role of the intestine as a place of migrant larvae destruction, indicating that not all the NBLs released in the gut will be able to reach the muscles. Conclusions The characterization of the immune response triggered in the gut mucosa during T. spiralis infection showed that not only an effector mechanism is directed toward the AW but also towards the NBL as a cytotoxic activity was observed against NBL exerted by lamina propria cells.

A study of mucosal gut immunity in infants who develop Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 828-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Turnock ◽  
Lewis Spitz ◽  
Stephan Strobel
Keyword(s):  
Gut Immunity

scholarly journals Protein phosphatase 4 is an essential positive regulator for Treg development, function, and protective gut immunity

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Hsuean Liao ◽  
Jr-Wen Shui ◽  
En-Wei Hsing ◽  
Wan-Yi Hsiao ◽  
Yu-Chun Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Positive Regulator ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Treg Development

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Dose Antibiotics on Gut Immunity and Antibiotic Resistomes in Weaned Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Hu ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Du Zhang ◽  
Ru Wang ◽  
Linlin Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Gut Immunity

scholarly journals Gut and immune effects of bioactive milk factors in preterm pigs exposed to prenatal inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. G67-G77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqiang Ren ◽  
Yan Hui ◽  
Sandra Goericke-Pesch ◽  
Stanislava Pankratova ◽  
Witold Kot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Prenatal Inflammation ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Prenatal inflammation may predispose to preterm birth and postnatal inflammatory disorders such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Bioactive milk ingredients may help to support gut maturation in such neonates, but mother’s milk is often insufficient after preterm birth. We hypothesized that supplementation with bioactive ingredients from bovine milk [osteopontin (OPN), caseinoglycomacropeptide (CGMP), colostrum (COL)] supports gut, immunity, and NEC resistance in neonates born preterm after gram-negative infection before birth. Using preterm pigs as a model for preterm infants, fetal pigs were given intraamniotic injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 mg/fetus) and delivered 3 days later (90% gestation). For 5 days, groups of LPS-exposed pigs were fed formula (FOR), bovine colostrum (COL), or formula enriched with OPN or CGMP. LPS induced intraamniotic inflammation and postnatal systemic inflammation but limited effects on postnatal gut parameters and NEC. Relative to FOR, COL feeding to LPS-exposed pigs showed less diarrhea, NEC severity, reduced gut IL-1β and IL-8 levels, greater gut goblet cell density and digestive enzyme activities, and blood helper T-cell fraction. CGMP improved neonatal arousal and gut lactase activities and reduced LPS-induced IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vitro. Finally, OPN tended to reduce diarrhea and stimulated IEC proliferation in vitro. No effects on villus morphology, circulating cytokines, or colonic microbiota were observed among groups. In conclusion, bioactive milk ingredients exerted only modest effects on gut and systemic immune parameters in preterm pigs exposed to prenatal inflammation. Short-term, prenatal exposure to inflammation may render the gut less sensitive to immune-modulatory milk effects. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prenatal inflammation is a risk factor for preterm birth and postnatal complications including infections. However, from clinical studies, it is difficult to separate the effects of only prenatal inflammation from preterm birth. Using cesarean-delivered preterm pigs with prenatal inflammation, we documented some beneficial gut effects of bioactive milk diets relative to formula, but prenatal inflammation appeared to decrease the sensitivity of enteral feeding. Special treatments and diets may be required for this neonatal population.

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