scholarly journals Humanized NOG mice as a model for tuberculosis vaccine-induced immunity: a comparative analysis with the mouse and guinea pig models of tuberculosis

Immunology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Grover ◽  
Amber Troy ◽  
Jenny Rowe ◽  
JoLynn M. Troudt ◽  
Elizabeth Creissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Nog Mice ◽  
Induced Immunity

scholarly journals Documentary Letter of Credit: A Pivotal Case for the Inefficiency of the Law of Contract

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-532
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Karolina Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Letter Of Credit ◽  
Distinct Mechanism ◽  
The Law ◽  
Commercial Device

This study compares the methods used both in common law and civil law jurisdictions to deal with the basic problems relating to the documentary letter of credit. A unique commercial device was thus developed in international trade as a means of ensuring safe and swift payment for goods. Even though this distinct mechanism works efficiently in practice, the numerous attempts made to classify it legally have been unsuccessful. A comparative analysis of the legal conceptualizations traditionally used to explain the nature of credit reveals apparent shortcomings in contractual theories. Because the basis of the documentary credit appears to be an abstract promise to pay, this phenomenon seems to break through the conceptual framework of traditional contract law theory. This is due to the fact that the process of forming the credit does not fit into the ordinary offer-acceptance formula. Yet, the easiest solution—the credit as a "mercantile specialty" or a "sui generis contract"—avoids facing the true challenge of our era, which is re-thinking the concept of "contracts" under modern laws. Legal debates should be directed in a more functional direction in order to provide satisfactory theoretical grounds for providing solutions to obvious, but still unanswered questions such as why people ought to keep their promises and why only some of those promises are likely to be legally enforced. It seems that, in this regard, documentary credit would be a convenient "guinea pig" for most contemporary concepts relating to the law of contracts.

Comparative analysis of ocular surface tissue microbiome in human, mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 108609
Author(s):  
Jerome Ozkan ◽  
Marwan E. Majzoub ◽  
Minas Coroneo ◽  
Torsten Thomas ◽  
Mark Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Ocular Surface

scholarly journals The Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Abcb1 in Brain and Placenta: Comparative Analysis in Human and Guinea Pig

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e111135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane J. Pappas ◽  
Sophie Petropoulos ◽  
Matthew Suderman ◽  
Majid Iqbal ◽  
Vasilis Moisiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Emerging B.1.1.7+E484K SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Moustafa ◽  
Colleen Bianco ◽  
Lidiya Denu ◽  
Azad Ahmed ◽  
Brandy Neide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Induced Immunity

AbstractRapid whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 has presented the ability to detect new emerging variants of concern in near real time. Here we report the genome of a virus isolated in Pennsylvania in March 2021 that was identified as lineage B.1.1.7 (VOC-202012/01) that also harbors the E484K spike mutation, which has been shown to promote “escape” from neutralizing antibodies in vitro. We compare this sequence to the only 5 other B.1.1.7+E484K genomes from Pennsylvania, all of which were isolated in mid March. Beginning in February 2021, only a small number (n=60) of isolates with this profile have been detected in the US, and only a total of 253 have been reported globally (first in the UK in December 2020). Comparative genomics of all currently available high coverage B.1.1.7+E484K genomes (n=235) available on GISAID suggested the existence of 7 distinct groups or clonal complexes (CC; as defined by GNUVID) bearing the E484K mutation raising the possibility of 7 independent acquisitions of the E484K spike mutation in each background. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the presence of at least 3 distinct clades of B.1.1.7+E484K circulating in the US, with the Pennsylvanian isolates belonging to two distinct clades. Increased genomic surveillance will be crucial for detection of emerging variants of concern that can escape natural and vaccine induced immunity.

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