Belonging in the land down under: Black Africans in Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Fozdar
Keyword(s):  
Black Africans

scholarly journals High prevalence of non-dipping patterns among Black Africans with uncontrolled hypertension: a secondary analysis of the CREOLE trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prossie Merab Ingabire ◽  
◽  
Dike B. Ojji ◽  
Brian Rayner ◽  
Elijah Ogola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Black African ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Dipping of blood pressure (BP) at night is a normal physiological phenomenon. However, a non-dipping pattern is associated with hypertension mediated organ damage, secondary forms of hypertension and poorer long-term outcome. Identifying a non-dipping pattern may be useful in assessing risk, aiding the decision to investigate for secondary causes, initiating treatment, assisting decisions on choice and timing of antihypertensive therapy, and intensifying salt restriction. Objectives To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with non-dipping pattern and determine the effect of 6 months of three antihypertensive regimens on the dipping pattern among Black African hypertensive patients. Methods This was a secondary analysis of the CREOLE Study which was a randomized, single blind, three-group trial conducted in 10 sites in 6 Sub-Saharan African countries. The participants were 721 Black African patients, aged between 30 and 79 years, with uncontrolled hypertension and a baseline 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Dipping was calculated from the average day and average night systolic blood pressure measures. Results The prevalence of non-dipping pattern was 78% (564 of 721). Factors that were independently associated with non-dipping were: serum sodium > 140 mmol/l (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.17–2.51, p-value 0.005), a higher office systolic BP (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p-value 0.003) and a lower office diastolic BP (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99, p-value 0.03). Treatment allocation did not change dipping status at 6 months (McNemar’s Chi2 0.71, p-value 0.40). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of non-dipping among Black Africans with uncontrolled hypertension. ABPM should be considered more routinely in Black Africans with uncontrolled hypertension, if resources permit, to help personalise therapy. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and causes of non-dipping pattern and if targeting night-time BP improves clinical outcomes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02742467).

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of peripheral artery disease in black Africans with HIV infection: a cross-sectional hospital-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félicité Kamdem ◽  
Yacouba Mapoure ◽  
Ba Hamadou ◽  
Fanny Souksouna ◽  
Marie Solange Doualla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
Artery Disease

scholarly journals Worldwide Ethnic Distribution of the G Protein β3 Subunit 825T Allele and Its Association with Obesity in Caucasian, Chinese, and Black African Individuals

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1921-1930
Author(s):  
WINFRIED SIFFERT ◽  
PETER FORSTER ◽  
KARL-HEINZ JÖCKEL ◽  
DAVID A. MVERE ◽  
BERND BRINKMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
Black African ◽  
South Africans ◽  
825T Allele ◽  
C825t Polymorphism

Abstract. Recently, it was demonstrated that one allele (825T) of the gene encoding the G protein β3 subunit (GNB3) is associated with hypertension in Germans. This study investigates a possible association with obesity in young male Germans, Chinese, and black South Africans with low, intermediate, and high 825T allele frequencies, respectively. In each of these three distinct cohorts, the 825T allele frequency was increased significantly in overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2) and obese individuals (BMI >27 kg/m2) compared to those with normal weight. The 825T allele frequencies in these three BMI groups were, respectively, 29.5, 39.3, and 47.7% in Germans, 46.8, 53.9, and 58.6% in Chinese, and 83.1, 87.7, and 90.9% in South Africans. In each of these three distinct groups, the 825T allele was significantly associated with obesity with odds ratios between 2 and 3. More urban than rural black Africans were overweight despite similar 825T allele frequencies in both populations, which underscores the role of both genetic and environmental factors. BP values in young male whites increased significantly with increasing BMI values but were independent of the C825T polymorphism, suggesting that hypertension associated with the 825T allele could be a consequence of obesity. Genotyping of 5254 individuals from 55 native population samples from Africa, the Americas, Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Guinea demonstrated highest 825T allele frequencies in black Africans (82%) and intermediate values in east Asians (47%). It is anticipated that high frequencies of the 825T allele in Africans and Asians may contribute to an obesity and hypertension epidemic if Westernization of lifestyles continues.

scholarly journals Religious Responses to Environmental Crises in the Orange Free State Republic, C. 1896-C. 1898

Perichoresis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Phia Steyn
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Free State ◽  
Folk Religion ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

Abstract The purpose of this article is to explore the religious responses within the Orange Free State republic to the environmental crises in the period c. 1896 to c. 1898. During this time the state was subjected to severe drought, flooding, and the outbreak of various diseases. The article examines the way in which these afflictions where interpreted by the Christian and wider community in terms of God’s wrath for unrepented sins. The persistence of synchronistic elements of folk religion was seen to have brought plagues like those found in Exodus which were visited upon the Pharaoh and his kingdom. This interruptive frame work led to calls for national repentance, but also a resistance to scientific and medical resolutions to the crises. It also reinforced racial divisions. Black Africans were perceived as the carriers of the disease so their movement was prohibited. The article goes on to show how the effect of this biblical frame of reference protected the concept of God as the ever-present active God in every aspect of life against the scientific rationalism of the age, while at the same time ironically hindering the work of mission and the life of the church.

scholarly journals Evaluation of arterial stiffness by finger-toe pulse wave velocity measured by pOpmetre® in black africans patients with systemic scleroderma

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Moussa Diallo ◽  
Maïmouna Touré ◽  
Boubacar Ahy Diatta ◽  
Assane Diop ◽  
Maodo Ndiaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Systemic Scleroderma ◽  
Black Africans
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