ABSTRACT
For patients hospitalized with severe influenza A virus infection, morbidity and mortality remain high. MHAA4549A, a human monoclonal antibody targeting the influenza A virus hemagglutinin stalk, has demonstrated pharmacological activity in animal studies and in a human influenza A challenge study. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of MHAA4549A plus oseltamivir against influenza A virus infection in hospitalized patients. The CRANE trial was a phase 2b randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of single intravenous (i.v.) doses of placebo, 3,600 mg MHAA4549A, or 8,400 mg MHAA4549A each combined with oral oseltamivir (+OTV) in patients hospitalized with severe influenza A virus infection. Patients, enrolled across 68 clinical sites in 18 countries, were randomized 1:1:1. The primary outcome was the median time to normalization of respiratory function, defined as the time to removal of supplemental oxygen support to maintain a stable oxygen saturation (SpO2) of ≥95%. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and effects on influenza viral load were also assessed. One hundred sixty-six patients were randomized and analyzed during a preplanned interim analysis. Compared to placebo+OTV, MHAA4549A+OTV did not significantly reduce the time to normalization of respiratory function (placebo+OTV, 4.28 days; 3,600 mg MHAA4549A+OTV, 2.78 days; 8,400 mg MHAA4549A+OTV, 2.65 days), nor did it improve other secondary clinical outcomes. Adverse event frequency was balanced across cohorts. MHAA4549A+OTV did not further reduce viral load versus placebo+OTV. In hospitalized patients with influenza A virus infection, MHAA4549A did not improve clinical outcomes over OTV alone. Variability in patient removal from oxygen supplementation limited the utility of the primary endpoint. Validated endpoints are needed to assess novel treatments for severe influenza A virus infection. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02293863.)
IL‐1β exacerbates disease and is a potential therapeutic target to reduce pulmonary inflammation during severe influenza A virus infection