scholarly journals An insight into the functional role of thioredoxin reductase, a selenoprotein, in maintaining normal native microbiota in the Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum)

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Budachetri ◽  
S. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
Amblyomma Maculatum ◽  
Gulf Coast Tick ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals A Deep Insight into the Sialotranscriptome of the Gulf Coast Tick, Amblyomma maculatum

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e28525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Karim ◽  
Parul Singh ◽  
José M. C. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Deep Insight ◽  
Amblyomma Maculatum ◽  
Gulf Coast Tick ◽  
Insight Into

Gulf Coast Tick (Amblyomma maculatum) Populations and Responses to Burning of Coastal Prairie Habitats

1988 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Scifres ◽  
Thomas W. Oldham ◽  
Pete D. Teel ◽  
D. Lynn Drawe
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Amblyomma Maculatum ◽  
Coastal Prairie ◽  
Gulf Coast Tick

scholarly journals Chimeric Antibody-Binding Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin (VHb) Mediates Redox-Catalysis Reaction: New Insight into the Functional Role of VHb

2006 ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaneenart Suwanwong ◽  
Malin Kvist ◽  
Chartchalerm Isarankura-Na-Ayudhya ◽  
Natta Tansila ◽  
Leif Bulow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Antibody Binding ◽  
Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin ◽  
Chimeric Antibody ◽  
Redox Catalysis ◽  
Insight Into

Comparative studies on glial markers

1981 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
B. I. Roots
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Biochemical Differentiation

Macromolecular markers for glial cells have been sought for a variety of reasons. One of the earliest was the need for a means of assessing the purity of cell and subcellular fractions prepared from nervous tissue. While there is still a requirement for this kind of tool, emphasis has shifted towards seeking information on biochemical differentiation among cells and their functional interactions. A brief general review will be made of glial markers and two of these, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase (CNP) and glutamine synthetase (GS), will be considered in detail. Until recently studies of markers have been concentrated on the higher vertebrates and those on lower vertebrates and invertebrates have hardly begun. However, such comparative studies may lead to fresh insight into old problems. For example, CNP has long been regarded as a marker for myelin and oligodendrocytes but it has not been possible to attribute a functional role to it and its relation to myelination has remained obscure. The finding that it is present in the glia of a moth Manduca sexta which lacks myelin provides a stimulus for a fresh approach to the problem. Another example is provided by studies on GS. This enzyme is found in astrocyte feet and preliminary results indicate that it is localized also in the perineurial glia of Aplysia ganglia. These results lead to a reconsideration of the perennial question of the possible role of astrocyte feet in barrier mechanisms. Extension of comparative studies may not only raise new questions but also provide some answers.

scholarly journals Palmitoylated Cysteines in Chikungunya Virus nsP1 Are Critical for Targeting to Cholesterol-Rich Plasma Membrane Microdomains with Functional Consequences for Viral Genome Replication

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bakhache ◽  
Aymeric Neyret ◽  
Eric Bernard ◽  
Andres Merits ◽  
Laurence Briant
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Genome Replication ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Late Endosomes ◽  
Plasma Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT In mammalian cells, alphavirus replication complexes are anchored to the plasma membrane. This interaction with lipid bilayers is mediated through the viral methyl/guanylyltransferase nsP1 and reinforced by palmitoylation of cysteine residue(s) in the C-terminal region of this protein. Lipid content of membranes supporting nsP1 anchoring remains poorly studied. Here, we explore the membrane binding capacity of nsP1 with regard to cholesterol. Using the medically important chikungunya virus (CHIKV) as a model, we report that nsP1 cosegregates with cholesterol-rich detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (DRMs), also called lipid rafts. In search for the critical factor for cholesterol partitioning, we identify nsP1 palmitoylated cysteines as major players in this process. In cells infected with CHIKV or transfected with CHIKV trans-replicase plasmids, nsP1, together with the other nonstructural proteins, are detected in DRMs. While the functional importance of CHIKV nsP1 preference for cholesterol-rich membrane domains remains to be determined, we observed that U18666A- and imipramine-induced sequestration of cholesterol in late endosomes redirected nsP1 to these compartments and simultaneously dramatically decreased CHIKV genome replication. A parallel study of Sindbis virus (SINV) revealed that nsP1 from this divergent alphavirus displays a low affinity for cholesterol and only moderately segregates with DRMs. Behaviors of CHIKV and SINV with regard to cholesterol, therefore, match with the previously reported differences in the requirement for nsP1 palmitoylation, which is dispensable for SINV but strictly required for CHIKV replication. Altogether, this study highlights the functional importance of nsP1 segregation with DRMs and provides new insight into the functional role of nsP1 palmitoylated cysteines during alphavirus replication. IMPORTANCE Functional alphavirus replication complexes are anchored to the host cell membranes through the interaction of nsP1 with the lipid bilayers. In this work, we investigate the importance of cholesterol for such an association. We show that nsP1 has affinity for cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains formed at the plasma membrane and identify conserved palmitoylated cysteine(s) in nsP1 as the key determinant for cholesterol affinity. We demonstrate that drug-induced cholesterol sequestration in late endosomes not only redirects nsP1 to this compartment but also dramatically decreases genome replication, suggesting the functional importance of nsP1 targeting to cholesterol-rich plasma membrane microdomains. Finally, we show evidence that nsP1 from chikungunya and Sindbis viruses displays different sensitivity to cholesterol sequestering agents that parallel with their difference in the requirement for nsP1 palmitoylation for replication. This research, therefore, gives new insight into the functional role of palmitoylated cysteines in nsP1 for the assembly of functional alphavirus replication complexes in their mammalian host.

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