Reducing assimilation and contrast effects on selection interview ratings using behaviorally anchored rating scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Lubbe ◽  
Anna Nitsche
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Selection Interview

Contrast Effects in Consumer Judgments: Changes in Mental Representations or in the Anchoring of Rating Scales?

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Lynch, Jr. ◽  
Dipankar Chakravarti ◽  
Anusree Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Contrast Effects

Observation of biological macromolecules using various electron microscopic methods

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Mitsuo Ohtsuki ◽  
Michael Sogard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Staining Techniques

Structural investigations of biological macromolecules commonly employ CTEM with negative staining techniques. Difficulties in valid image interpretation arise, however, due to problems such as variability in thickness and degree of penetration of the staining agent, noise from the supporting film, and artifacts from defocus phase contrast effects. In order to determine the effects of these variables on biological structure, as seen by the electron microscope, negative stained macromolecules of high density lipoprotein-3 (HDL3) from human serum were analyzed with both CTEM and STEM, and results were then compared with CTEM micrographs of freeze-etched HDL3. In addition, we altered the structure of this molecule by digesting away its phospholipid component with phospholipase A2 and look for consistent changes in structure.

Analysis of STEM micrographs of thick objects

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
S. Golladay
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Total Cross Sections ◽  
Elastic And Inelastic Scattering

The theory of multiple scattering has been worked out by Groves and comparisons have been made between predicted and observed signals for thick specimens observed in a STEM under conditions where phase contrast effects are unimportant. Independent measurements of the collection efficiencies of the two STEM detectors, calculations of the ratio σe/σi = R, where σe, σi are the total cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering respectively, and a model of the unknown mass distribution are needed for these comparisons. In this paper an extension of this work will be described which allows the determination of the required efficiencies, R, and the unknown mass distribution from the data without additional measurements or models. Essential to the analysis is the fact that in a STEM two or more signal measurements can be made simultaneously at each image point.

High-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wave Optics ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The comparison of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) can best be made by means of the Reciprocity Theorem of wave optics. In Fig. 1 the intensity measured at a point A’ in the CTEM image due to emission from a point B’ in the electron source is equated to the intensity at a point of the detector, B, due to emission from a point A In the source In the STEM. On this basis it can be demonstrated that contrast effects In the two types of instrument will be similar. The reciprocity relationship can be carried further to include the Instrument design and experimental procedures required to obtain particular types of information. For any. mode of operation providing particular information with one type of microscope, the analagous type of operation giving the same information can be postulated for the other type of microscope. Then the choice between the two types of instrument depends on the practical convenience for obtaining the required Information.

Characteristic Geometry and Diffraction Contrast of Dispersed ThO2 Crystals

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
R. J. Horylev ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Dark Field ◽  
Particle Orientation ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Strain Fields ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Field Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dark Field Electron ◽  
Particle Images ◽  
Diffraction Effects

Smith has shown by dark-field electron microscopy of extracted ThO2 particles from TD-nickel (2% ThO2) that they possess single crystal characteristics. It is generally assumed that these particle dispersions are incoherent. However, some diffraction effects associated with the particle images appeared to be similar to coherency strain fields. The present work will demonstrate conclusively that ThO2 dispersed particles in TD-nickel (2% ThO2) and TD-NiCr (2% ThO2, 20% Cr, Ni) are single crystals. Moreover, the diffraction contrast effects are extinction fringes. That is, these effects arise because of the particle orientation with respect to the electron beam and the extinction conditions for various operating reflections The particles are in fact incoherent.

Experiments on REM and SREM using a Tem/Stem Microscope with a Configurable Angle-Resolving Detector

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
H. Banzhof ◽  
I. Daberkow
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Atomic Steps ◽  
Single Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Platinum Single Crystal ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽  
Beam Reflection

A Philips EM 420 electron microscope equipped with a field emission gun and an external STEM unit was used to compare images of single crystal surfaces taken by conventional reflection electron microscopy (REM) and scanning reflection electron microscopy (SREM). In addition an angle-resolving detector system developed by Daberkow and Herrmann was used to record SREM images with the detector shape adjusted to different details of the convergent beam reflection high energy electron diffraction (CBRHEED) pattern.Platinum single crystal spheres with smooth facets, prepared by melting a thin Pt wire in an oxyhydrogen flame, served as objects. Fig. 1 gives a conventional REM image of a (111)Pt single crystal surface, while Fig. 2 shows a SREM record of the same area. Both images were taken with the (555) reflection near the azimuth. A comparison shows that the contrast effects of atomic steps are similar for both techniques, although the depth of focus of the SREM image is reduced as a result of the large illuminating aperture. But differences are observed at the lengthened images of small depressions and protrusions formed by atomic steps, which give a symmetrical contrast profile in the REM image, while an asymmetric black-white contrast is observed in the SREM micrograph. Furthermore the irregular structures which may be seen in the middle of Fig. 2 are not visible in the REM image, although it was taken after the SREM record.

Dysarthria Profiles in Adults With Hereditary Ataxia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2S) ◽  
pp. 915-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie A. Spencer ◽  
Mallory Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Hereditary Ataxia ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Ataxic Dysarthria ◽  
Preliminary Study

Purpose This preliminary study examined whether speech profiles exist for adults with hereditary ataxia based on 2 competing frameworks: a pattern of instability/inflexibility or a pattern of differential subsystem involvement. Method Four dysarthria experts rated the speech samples of 8 adults with dysarthria from hereditary ataxia using visual analog scales and presence/severity rating scales of speech characteristics. Speaking tasks included diadochokinetics, sustained phonation, and a monologue. Results Speech profiles aligned with the instability/inflexibility framework, with the pattern of instability being the most common. Speech profiles did not emerge for the majority of speakers using the differential subsystem framework. Conclusions The findings extend previous research on pure ataxic dysarthria and suggest a possible framework for understanding the speech heterogeneity associated with the ataxias. The predominance of the instability profile is consistent with the notion of impaired feedforward control in speakers with cerebellar disruption.

AAC Collaboration Using the Self-Anchored Rating Scales (SARS): An Aphasia Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Solution Focused

Abstract The self-anchored rating scale (SARS) is a technique that augments collaboration between Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) interventionists, their clients, and their clients' support networks. SARS is a technique used in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, a branch of systemic family counseling. It has been applied to treating speech and language disorders across the life span, and recent case studies show it has promise for promoting adoption and long-term use of high and low tech AAC. I will describe 2 key principles of solution-focused therapy and present 7 steps in the SARS process that illustrate how clinicians can use the SARS to involve a person with aphasia and his or her family in all aspects of the therapeutic process. I will use a case study to illustrate the SARS process and present outcomes for one individual living with aphasia.

The Effect of Real-Time Feedback Using a Smartwatch on the Clinical Behavior of Novice Student Clinicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Courtney G. Scott ◽  
Trina M. Becker ◽  
Kenneth O. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Computer Monitors

The use of computer monitors to provide technology-based written feedback during clinical sessions, referred to as “bug-in-the-eye” (BITi) feedback, recently emerged in the literature with preliminary evidence to support its effectiveness (Carmel, Villatte, Rosenthal, Chalker & Comtois, 2015; Weck et al., 2016). This investigation employed a single-subject, sequential A-B design with two participants to observe the effects of implementing BITi feedback using a smartwatch on the clinical behavior of student clinicians (SCs). Baseline and treatment data on the stimulus-response-consequence (S-R-C) contingency completion rates of SCs were collected using 10 minute segments of recorded therapy sessions. All participants were students enrolled in a clinical practicum experience in a communication disorders and sciences (CDS) program. A celeration line, descriptive statistics, and stability band were used to analyze the data by slope, trend, and variability. Results demonstrated a significant correlative relationship between BITi feedback with a smartwatch and an increase in positive clinical behaviors. Based on qualitative interviews and exit rating scales, SCs reported BITi feedback was noninvasive and minimally distracting. Preliminary evidence suggests BITi feedback with a smartwatch may be an effective tool for providing real-time clinical feedback.

Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Evaluation of Six Published Rating Scales

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Marie Angello ◽  
Robert J. Volpe ◽  
James C. DiPerna ◽  
Sammi P. Gureasko-Moore ◽  
David P. Gureasko-Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder
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