Potential of bagasse obtained using hydrothermal liquefaction pre‐treatment as a natural emulsifier

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1485-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekove Vodo ◽  
Noamane Taarji ◽  
Meryem Bouhoute ◽  
Lorena de Oliveira Felipe ◽  
Marcos A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Natural Emulsifier

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Liquefaction of an Industrial Biomass Waste: Brewer’s Spent Grain (BSG)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Nur Atiqah Nasir ◽  
Ibrahim Yakub ◽  
Nurul Ashraf Razali ◽  
Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Brewer’S Spent Grain ◽  
Second Mode ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Pre Treatment

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is a source of lignocellulose that has a potential to be used for chemicals and fuels production, thereby reducing the reliance on fossil sources. There are relatively few investigations on using BSG; hence, the idea to valorise this agro-industrial waste is a great interest as BSG is available in large quantities throughout the year. Two modes of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) have been investigated using the raw BSG. The first mode used the raw BSG as received without pre-treatment while the second mode used the dried BSG with pure water. The conversion, water-soluble oil (WSO) yield and liquid product were measured for both modes. The liquid products were also analysed to determine the types and concentration of valuable products obtained. The characterisation of BSG reveals that the moisture content of the BSG is 74.7 wt.% while the FTIR spectra confirms the presence of lignocellulosic polymer in the BSG. The comparison between the two HTL modes indicates that the direct HTL provides better conversion, higher WSO yield and higher valuable products concentration. Therefore, it is concluded that BSG has a high potential to be converted into valuable products via direct HTL without pre-treatment. This opens a new opportunity for a sustainable alternative to waste valorization.

Effect of algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) biomass pre-treatment on bio-oil production in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL): Biochar and aqueous phase utilization studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 146262
Author(s):  
Jain Mahima ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Sundaresh ◽  
Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath ◽  
Panneer Selvam Sundar Rajan ◽  
Jayaseelan Arun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Application of Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process to Convert Bio-Fuel from Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 2062 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Harveer Singh Pali ◽  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Rapid increase in demand of fuels creates the challenge for scientific community. The fossil fuel resources are declining day by day. So, biomass derived fuel starts to feel an exquisite alternative option, by reason of it develop from residual cooking oil, animal fats, or vegetable oils, etc. In present work biomass is converted into bio-fuel by the process of pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. But if it is compared with fossil fuel some undesirable properties have been found such like high oxygen content high water content, high corrosiveness and high viscosity etc. Directly biofuels cannot be used in IC engine due to their unwanted content in the fuel. Therefore upgrading of bio-fuel is needed to improve its properties for liquid fuels by the pre-treatment process of biomass. The purpose of biomass pre-treatment is the degradation of cellulose phibrils, lowering their crystallization and polymerization levels, hemicelluloses separation and degradation of cellulose. However application to this bio-fuel have been needed to enhance its properties for CI engine fuel using blending for direct use in engine application.

scholarly journals Sequential Hydrothermal Processing of Sewage Sludge to Produce Low Nitrogen Biocrude

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Joscha Zimmermann ◽  
Klaus Raffelt ◽  
Nicolaus Dahmen
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Hydrothermal Processing ◽  
Subsequent Step ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds ◽  
Low Nitrogen

A hydrothermal pre-treatment has been developed to improve sewage sludge quality or to produce low nitrogen biocrude via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in a subsequent step. The mild hydrothermal pre-treatment (150 °C) step was performed with deionized water, sulfuric acid (0.5 M), or citric acid (0.5 M) to solubilize nitrogen containing compounds in the aqueous supernatant. Downstream, the residual solid material was liquefied with the addition of sodium carbonate via hydrothermal liquefaction (350 °C). The pre-treatment with citric acid transferred up to 66.7 wt. % of nitrogen into the aqueous supernatant, while 62.0 wt. % of carbon was recovered in the solid. Due to the pre-treatment lipids retained in the sewage sludge solid, which increased the favored biocrude yield up to 42.9 wt. % and the quality evaluating value H/Ceff ratio significantly to 1.48. Multi-method characterization of the resulted biocrude samples showed a lower concentration of N-heterocycles, while long-chain aliphatics and free fatty acid are increased.

EELS characterization of “Smut” layer films on steel surface prepared for chrome plating by anodic etching

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
E Y. Wang ◽  
J. T. Cherian ◽  
A. Madsen ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Steel Surface ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Chrome Plating ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hard Chrome ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Many steel parts are electro-plated with chromium to protect them against corrosion and to improve their wear-resistance. Good adhesion of the chrome plate to the steel surface, which is essential for long term durability of the part, is extremely dependent on surface preparation prior to plating. Recently, McDonnell Douglas developed a new pre-treatment method for chrome plating in which the steel is anodically etched in a sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid solution. On carbon steel surfaces, this anodic pre-treatment produces a dark, loosely adhering material that is commonly called the “smut” layer. On stainless steels and nickel alloys, the surface is only darkened by the anodic pre-treatment and little residue is produced. Anodic pre-treatment prior to hard chrome plating results in much better adherence to both carbon and alloy steels.We have characterized the anodic pre-treated steel surface and the resulting “smut” layer using various techniques including electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) on bulk samples and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) on stripped films.

Evaluating the effect of a group pre-treatment chemotherapy psycho-education session for chemotherapy-naive gynecologic cancer patients and their caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-243
Author(s):  
Diana Samoil ◽  
Nazek Abdelmutti ◽  
Lisa Ould Gallagher ◽  
Nazlin Jivraj ◽  
Naa Kwarley Quartey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Education Session ◽  
Pre Treatment
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