Justinus Kerner and sausage poisoning: the birth of botulinum toxin

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1295-1296
Author(s):  
Faisal R. Ali ◽  
Firas Al-Niaimi
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Justinus Kerner

scholarly journals Botox – A New Weapon in a Dentist's Arsenal

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-087
Author(s):  
Mitasha Sachdeva ◽  
Vinay Dua ◽  
Puneet Gupta ◽  
Gaurav Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Release Of Acetylcholine ◽  
Justinus Kerner ◽  
German Physician ◽  
Gummy Smile

AbstractBotulinum toxin was first used therapeutically by a German physician Justinus Kerner (1786-1862). Trade name BOTOX was given by Allergan, Inc, Irvine, Calif for treating strabismus, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm. It is neurotoxin derived from an anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ACH), a neurotransmitter responsible for the activation of muscle contraction and its administration results in diminution of tone in the injected muscle. It has found a variety of uses in dentistry like treatment of gummy smile, masseteric hypertrophy, bruxism, temporomandibular disorders and so on. It is a minimally invasive and cosmetically effective method of treating several conditions with excessive muscle contraction.

Severe Drooling and Treatment With Botulinum Toxin

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Merete Bakke ◽  
Allan Bardow ◽  
Eigild Møller
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Local Inhibition ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Severe drooling is associated with discomfort and psychosocial problems and may constitute a health risk. A variety of different surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to diminish drooling, some of them with little or uncertain effect and others more effective but irreversible or with side effects. Based on clinical evidence, injection with botulinum toxin (BTX) into the parotid and submandibular glands is a useful treatment option, because it is local, reversible, and with few side effects, although it has to be repeated. The mechanism of BTX is a local inhibition of acetylcholine release, which diminishes receptor-coupled secretion and results in a flow rate reduction of 25–50% for 2–7 months.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document