The safety profile of favipiravir in COVID‐19 patients with severe renal impairment

Low-molecular-weight heparins are approved for primary and secondary venous thromboembolism prevention. Tinzaparin is the low-molecular-weight heparin with the highest average molecular weight. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an update regarding the safety profile of tinzaparin, prescribed either as a prophylactic or as a therapeutic regimen for venous thromboembolism in special populations, including cancer patients and patients with renal impairment. We identified prospective studies up to August 2020 reporting safety outcomes for cancer patients and patients with renal impairment on tinzaparin regimens. In patients with cancer major bleeding rates fluctuated between 0.8% and 7%. Patients on tinzaparin exhibited significantly lower rates of clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events in comparison with those on vitamin K antagonists. Bioaccumulation of tinzaparin was not correlated with age, body weight or creatinine clearance. Periodic administration of either prophylactic or therapeutic doses of tinzaparin did not result in bioaccumulation, even in patients with severe renal impairment and creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min. Major bleeding rates for non-cancer patients with renal impairment on prophylactic tinzaparin regimens were 0%. Non-cancer patients with renal impairment on therapeutic tinzaparin regimens exhibited major bleeding in 0 to 3.4% of cases; major bleeding rates were higher for cancer patients with renal impairment on therapeutic tinzaparin regimens (4.3 to 10%). Tinzaparin can be used without dose adjustment in patients with severe renal impairment and creatinine clearance > 20 ml/min. Tinzaparin represents a safe choice for special populations at increased risk for thrombosis and bleeding.

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Evaluation of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Prescribing in Patients With Moderate to Severe Renal Impairment

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/1076029620987900 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 107602962098790

Author(s):

Clara Ting ◽

Megan Rhoten ◽

Jillian Dempsey ◽

Hunter Nichols ◽

John Fanikos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Renal Impairment ◽

Severe Renal Impairment ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Bleeding Events ◽

Increase Risk ◽

Severe Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Dosing Strategies ◽

Require Dose

Patients with renal impairment require dose adjustments for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), though there is uncertainty regarding their use in severe chronic kidney disease. Inappropriately dosed DOACs may increase risk of ischemic events when under-dosed, or risk of bleeding when over-dosed. The purpose of this study was to describe DOAC selection, dosing strategies, and associated clinical outcomes in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment at our institution. This was a single-center retrospective analysis of adult outpatients with moderate to severe renal impairment (estimated creatinine clearance <50 mL/min, including need for hemodialysis) who were prescribed a DOAC by a cardiologist between June 1, 2015 and December 1, 2018. Outcomes evaluated included the percentage of patients who received appropriate and inappropriate DOAC dosing, prescriber reasons for inappropriate DOAC dosing if documented, and incidence of thrombotic and bleeding events. A total of 207 patients were included. Overall, 61 (29.5%) patients received inappropriate dosing, with 43 (70.5%) being under-dosed and 18 (29.5%) being over-dosed as compared to FDA-labeled dosing recommendations for atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism (VTE). By a median follow-up duration of 20 months, stroke occurred in 6 (3.3%) patients receiving DOACs for atrial fibrillation, and VTE occurred in 1 (4.3%) patient receiving a DOAC for VTE. International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding occurred in 25 (12.1%) patients. Direct oral anticoagulants were frequently prescribed at off-label doses in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, with a tendency toward under-dosing.

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Anticoagulant dosing in renal impairment

Phlebologie ◽

10.12687/phleb2290-6-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (06) ◽

pp. 316-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Harder

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Renal Impairment ◽

Anticoagulant Therapy ◽

Severe Renal Impairment ◽

Dabigatran Etexilate ◽

The Elderly ◽

Thrombin Inhibitor ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Direct Acting

SummaryAnticoagulants are widely used for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in the elderly, who commonly have renal impairment and other comorbidities. Renal impairment is a risk factor for bleeding and thrombosis during anticoagulant therapy and can influence the balance between the safety and efficacy of such agents. Some anticoagulants, such as fondaparinux and the direct acting oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate are contraindicated for use in patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 ml/min). However, also the direct acting oral FXa-inhibitors rivaroxaban, edoxaban and apixaban need caution regarding dosing advice or contraindications when used in patients with renal impairment.

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