scholarly journals Response for “Letter to editor: Evaluation of the relationship between TREM‐1/TREM 2 ratio and clinical course in COVID‐19 pneumonia”

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferhan Kerget
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Relationship

COVID-19 in children: Pathogenesis and current status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Frenkel ◽  
Fernando Gomez ◽  
Joseph A Bellanti
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Since its initial description in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly progressed into a worldwide pandemic, which has affected millions of lives. Unlike the disease in adults, the vast majority of children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms and are largely spared from severe respiratory disease. However, thereare children who have significant respiratory disease, and some may develop a hyperinflammatory response similar to thatseen in adults with COVID-19 and in children with Kawasaki disease (KD), which has been termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).Objective: The purpose of this report was to examine the current evidence that supports the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 in children and the relationship of COVID-19 with KD and MIS-C as a basis for a better understanding of the clinical course, diagnosis, and management of these clinically perplexing conditions.Results: The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is carried out in two distinct but overlapping phases of COVID-19: the first triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) itself and the second by the host immune response. Children with KD have fewer of the previously described COVID-19–associated KD features with less prominent acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock than children with MIS-C.Conclusion: COVID-19 in adults usually includes severe respiratory symptoms and pathology, with a high mortality. Ithas become apparent that children are infected as easily as adults but are more often asymptomatic and have milder diseasebecause of their immature immune systems. Although children are largely spared from severe respiratory disease, they canpresent with a SARS-CoV-2–associated MIS-C similar to KD.

scholarly journals Postoperative Rise of Circulating Mitochondrial DNA Is Associated with Inflammatory Response in Patients following Pancreaticoduodenectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Niv Pencovich ◽  
Nadav Nevo ◽  
Roi Weiser ◽  
Ekaterina Bonder ◽  
Yoel Bogoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Postoperative Fever ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
The Relationship

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Accumulation of plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) following severe trauma has been shown to correlate with the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and may predict mortality. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between levels of circulatory mtDNA following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and the postoperative course. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Levels of plasma mtDNA were assessed by real-time PCR of the mitochondrial genes <i>ND1</i> and <i>COX3</i> in 23 consecutive patients who underwent PD 1 day prior to surgery, within 8 h after surgery, and on postoperative day (POD)1 and POD5. The abundance of mtDNA was assessed relative to preoperative levels and in relation to parameters reflecting the postoperative clinical course. <b><i>Results:</i></b> When pooled for all patients, the circulating mtDNA levels were significantly increased after surgery. However, while a significant (at least &#x3e;2-fold and up to &#x3e;20-fold) rise was noted in 11 patients, no change in mtDNA levels was noted in the other 12 following surgery. Postoperative rise in circulating mtDNA was associated with an increased rate of postoperative fever until day 5, decreased hemoglobin and albumin levels, and increased white blood cell counts. These patients also suffered from increased rates of delayed gastric emptying. No significant differences were demonstrated in other postoperative parameters. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Circulating mtDNA surge is associated with an inflammatory response following PD and may potentially be used as an early marker for postoperative course. Studies of larger patient cohorts are warranted.

Association of apolipoprotein E and myeloperoxidase genotypes to clinical course of familial and sporadic multiple sclerosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Zakrzewska-Pniewska ◽  
M Styczynska ◽  
A Podlecka ◽  
R Samocka ◽  
B Peplonska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
The Relationship

The importance of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) genotypes in the clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been recently emphasized. In a large group of Polish patients we have tested the hypothesis that polymorphism in ApoE and MPO genes may influence the course of the disease. G enotypes were determined in 117 MS patients (74 females and 43 males; 99 sporadic and 18 familial cases) with mean EDSS of 3.6, mean age of 44.1 years, mean duration of the disease 12.8 years and mean onset of MS at 31.2 years, and in 100 healthy controls. The relationship between ApoE and MPO genes’ polymorphism and the MS activity as well as the defect of remyelination (diffuse demyelination) and brain atrophy on MRI were analysed. The ApoE o4 allele was not related to the disease course or the ApoE o2 to the intensity of demyelination on MRI. The genotype MPO G/G was found in all familial MS and in 57% (56/99) of sporadic cases. This genotype was also related to more pronounced brain atrophy on MRI. The MPO G/G subpopulation was characterized by a significantly higher proportion of patients with secondary progressive MS (PB- 0.05) and by a higher value of EDSS. A ccording to our results the MPO G allele is frequently found (in 96% of cases) among Polish patients with MS. More severe nervous tissue damage in the MPO G/G form can be explained by the mechanism of accelerated oxidative stress. It seems that MPO G/G genotype may be one of the genetic factors influencing the progression rate of disability in MS patients.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of the Serotonin Release Assay and Platelet Count Monitoring After Cardiac Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Motohashi ◽  
Takefumi Matsuo ◽  
Hidenori Inoue ◽  
Makoto Kaneko ◽  
Shunya Shindo
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Immunological Assays ◽  
Platelet Count Monitoring ◽  
The Relationship

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is one of the serious complications in patients who undergo cardiac surgery. However, there remains a major problem in diagnosing HIT because the current immunological assays for detection of HIT antibody have limitations. Furthermore, the clinical course of thrombocytopenia in this surgery makes it increasingly difficult to diagnose HIT. We investigated the relationship between platelet count and HIT antibody in 59 patients who underwent cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The number of postoperative HIT antibody-positive patients evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (polyanion IgG/IgA/IgM complex antibodies/antiplatelet factor 4 enhanced) was 37 (62.7%). In contrast, platelet activation by HIT antibody was evaluated using the serotonin release assay (SRA). More than 20% and 50% release of serotonin was obtained from 12 patients (20.3%) and 8 patients (13.6%), respectively. The levels of d-dimer were significantly different on postoperative day 14 between SRA-positive and SRA-negative groups; however, postoperative thrombus complication was not detected using sonography in the patients with positive serotonin release at all. After being decreased by the operation, their platelet count recovered within 2 weeks in both groups equally. In our study, although the patients were positive in the platelet activating HIT antibody assay, they remained free from thrombosis and their platelet count recovered after early postoperative platelet decrease. Therefore, in addition to the SRA, monitoring of platelet count might be still considered an indispensable factor to facilitate the prediction of HIT thrombosis prior to manifestation in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery using CPB.

Urinary iodine and thyroglobulin are useful markers in infants suspected of congenital hypothyroidism based on newborn screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Tachibana ◽  
Yoko Miyoshi ◽  
Miho Fukui ◽  
Shinsuke Onuma ◽  
Tomoya Fukuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Urine Creatinine ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Serum Tsh

Abstract Objectives Iodine deficiency and excess both cause thyroid dysfunction. Few data describe the relationship between iodine status and outcomes of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in iodine-sufficient areas. We investigated urinary iodine (UI) concentration and its relationship with the clinical course of CH. Methods We reviewed and retrospectively analyzed patients with positive newborn screening (NBS) for CH from January 2012 to June 2019 in Japan, obtaining UI and UI-urine creatinine ratio (UI/Cr), serum TSH, free T4, free T3 and thyroglobulin (Tg) at the first visit, TSH at NBS, levothyroxine (LT4) dose, and subsequent doses. A UI value of 100–299 μg/L was considered adequate. Results Forty-eight patients were included. Median UI and UI/Cr were 325 μg/L and 3,930 µg/gCr, respectively. UI was high (≥300 μg/L) in 26 (54%) and low (≤99 μg/L) in 11 (23%). LT4 was administered to 34 patients. Iodine status was not related to the need for treatment. We found a U-shaped relationship between Tg and UI/Cr. Patients with high Tg (≥400 ng/mL) and abnormal UI levels required significantly lower LT4 doses (≤20 µg/day) at three years of age. Even if they showed severe hypothyroidism initially, they did not need subsequent dose increments. Conclusions Abnormal UI levels with Tg elevation were associated with lower LT4 dose requirements. The evaluation of iodine status and Tg concentrations were considered useful in patients suspected of CH.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Markers and the Clinical Course of Adenosarcoma: a Series of Seven Cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makiko Omi ◽  
Akiko Tonooka ◽  
Tomohiro Chiba ◽  
Hidetaka Nomura ◽  
Hiroyuki Kanao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Recurrent Tumors ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Uterine adenosarcoma, a rare subtype of uterine tumor, is a biphasic tumor consisting of epithelial and mesenchymal elements. There is no research comparing histopathological features of primary and recurrent tumors, including immunohistochemistry; furthermore, the relationship between pathology and the clinical course is unclear. We reviewed the pathology and immunohistochemical features of 7 adenosarcoma cases and investigated the relevance of the histomorphological features to the clinical course. We also compared immunohistochemical features of primary and recurrent tumors.Methods: Seven patients with adenosarcoma who underwent surgery in our hospital were evaluated. We performed immunohistochemical staining for the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53, and two SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling proteins (SMARCA4, BCOR), which were recently developed for the diagnosis of undifferentiated sarcomas in addition to conventional staining methods. Results: All patients were International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage 1B to 1C. All tumors were polypoid, and every patient presented with abnormal uterine bleeding. Six patients were over 50 years old and were menopausal; 1 patient was under 50 years old and was non-menopausal (average age 59.1 years). Histologically, the sarcomatous components were homologous in 6 patients and heterogenous in 1 patient. Four patients were recurrent patients; 3 were non-recurrent. All 4 recurrent patients showed high-grade morphology with sarcomatous overgrowth and were negative for ER and PR. Three recurrences could be evaluated by imaging, showing recurrence only in a distant area; biopsy specimens from these tissues revealed the identical mesenchymal component found in the primary tumor without a benign epithelial component. Immunohistochemical staining results were also the same as for the original tumor, except for the p53 expression in 1 patient. At the primary site, p53 was overexpressed in 2 recurrent patients and had a wild-type level in 1 recurrent patient; however, all 3 recurrent tissues showed overexpression of p53. None of the 7 cases showed SMARCA4 loss, and BCOR expression was positive in 1 case.Conclusions: Initial pathological analysis of the adenosarcoma with appropriate immunohistochemical staining is vital for prognostic assessment. Expression of p53 might increase at recurrence. SMARCA4 and BCOR could be an index of malignancy, regardless of sarcomatous overgrowth.

Neuropeptide Y as a potential biomarker in patients with asthma and obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-767
Author(s):  
Yanina S. Shkatova ◽  
Sergey N. Avdeev ◽  
Andrey V. Budnevsky ◽  
Ludmila V. Tribuntceva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
The Relationship

The phenotype of asthma with obesity is particularly difficult to treat, while its prevalence is increasing. In recent years, special attention has been paid to neuropeptide Y (NPY) due to its possible effect on the severity of the clinical course of asthma.Aim. To identify the relationship between the level of NPY and the clinical course of asthma in patients with obesity and overweight.Methods. The study included 113 patients (27, or 23.89% of men and 86, or 76.11% of women) diagnosed with asthma of moderate severity, whose average age was 57.81 ± 13.05 years. Patients were divided into three groups — with normal body weight, overweight, and obesity. The examination included spirometry, body mass index (BMI), and a questionnaire. Also, Asthma Control Test (ACT) was used. The levels of leptin, adiponectin, NPY, and general oxidative damage were measured in all patients.Results. Asthma control was significantly lower in the group of patients with asthma and obesity compared with the normal body weight and overweight patients. Leptin level was significantly higher in the group of patients with asthma and obesity compared with the normal body weight and overweight patients. The level of NPY was significantly higher in the group of patients with obesity than in the patients with normal body weight and overweight. No significant differences in the level of adiponectin were found between the groups. The NPY level had a high inverse correlation with VLC index, a moderate/medium inverse correlation with forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, forced expiratory flow (FEF) at 25%; forced vital capacity, Tiffno index, FEF 50%, peak expiratory flow, ACT score, and a moderate positive correlation with the level of total oxidative damage.Conclusion. A higher level of NPY is observed in patients with asthma and obesity. This level has an inverse correlation with spirometric parameters, asthma control (evaluated via ACT) and a positive correlation with the level of general oxidative damage, which indicates a possible proinflammatory effect of NPY that contributes to an unfavorable course of asthma. Thus, further studies are required to establish the nature of the relationship between NPY and asthma exacerbations, as well as the mechanism of NPY influence on asthma pathogenesis.

Pulmonary Vascular Lipid Deposition After Administration of Intravenous Fat to Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Robert J. Shulman ◽  
Claire Langston ◽  
Richard J. Schanler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Intravenous Fat Emulsion ◽  
Intravenous Lipid Emulsion ◽  
The Relationship

The incidence of pulmonary vascular lipid deposits in infants who did or did not receive intravenous lipid emulsion was determined through a review of the pulmonary histopathology and clinical course of 39 neonates who died during a two-year period. The relationship between pulmonary vascular lipid deposits and the duration and amount of administered intravenous fat emulsion was assessed. In addition, the effect of monitored serum triglyceride levels on the development of pulmonary vascular lipid deposits was evaluated. The incidence of pulmonary vascular lipid deposits was greater in the group that received intravenous fat emulsion (P &lt; .02). Both the amount (grams per kilogram per day) and duration (days) of intravenous fat emulsion infusion were correlated positively with severity (P &lt; .05) in infants who had pulmonary vascular lipid deposits. No relationship was seen between peak serum triglyceride levels, the frequency of elevated triglycerides, and pulmonary vascular lipid deposits. Although administered fat emulsion was a risk factor for the development of pulmonary vascular deposits, two of 13 infants who had not received intravenous fat emulsion had such deposits.

Association with malignancy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Selva-O’Callaghan ◽  
Ernesto Trallero-Araguás
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Current Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

Nearly one-third of adult myositis patients additionally have some type of associated cancer, observed most commonly in dermatomyositis patients. The relationship between cancer and myositis is generally considered a paraneoplastic phenomenon; that is, in one way or another, the two conditions are related. A parallel course of the diseases—myositis improves after cancer is cured and when cancer recurs, myositis worsens—is considered a classical paraneoplastic criterion. Nevertheless, this parallel clinical course does not always occur in true cancer-associated myositis, or perhaps it cannot be seen because of the interference of therapy. Based on epidemiologic studies, the current gold standard for the diagnosis of cancer-associated myositis is a temporal criterion: diagnosis of the two diseases within a 3-year period, although to a certain extent, this is an arbitrary standard.

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