scholarly journals Does therapeutic drug monitoring of hydroxychloroquine improve treatment outcome in intensive care unit patients with COVID‐19?

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamer Tecen‐Yucel ◽  
Elif Aras‐Atik ◽  
Aygin Bayraktar‐Ekincioglu
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Improve Treatment Outcome

scholarly journals 1825. Optimizing β-lactam Therapy in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients Using Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S40-S41
Author(s):  
Mohammad H Al-Shaer ◽  
Eric Rubido ◽  
Daniel Lee ◽  
Kenneth Klinker ◽  
Charles Peloquin
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Unit Increase

Abstract Background Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a powerful tool to optimize antibiotic exposure. It seldom has been used for β-lactams (BLs). We present our BL data in patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Methods This retrospective study included SICU patients at UF Health (2016 and 2018) who received BL therapy and had TDM. Data collected included demographics, APACHE scores, platelet count, serum creatinine (Scr), infection source, cultures/susceptibilities, BL regimens, and plasma concentrations. Clinical cure was defined as resolution of infection-related symptoms at the end of therapy. Microbiologic eradication was defined as eradication of causative organism from the primary source out to 30 days after therapy. Pharmacokinetic and statistical analyses were performed on Phoenix v8.0 and JMP Pro v14. Results A total of 127 patients were included. Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics. The median age was 55 years, and weight was 83 kg. Eighty-three (65%) were male. P. aeruginosa was the most common isolated bacteria (n = 38). Lung was the most common source of infection (n = 50). Table 2 summarizes the median (IQR) doses, infusion times, calculated free trough concentrations (fCmin) of common BLs, and the reported minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Calculated median time above the MIC (fT > MIC) for 66 (52%) patients was 100%. A total of 99 (79%) patients had clinical cure and 67 (61%) patients had microbiologic eradication. For efficacy, the Cmin/MIC ratio predicted the microbiologic eradication in wound infections only (n = 15, OR 1.09 [95% CI 1.01–1.24]). Using stepwise regression, 1-unit increase fT > MIC and APACHE score was associated with 0.84 decrease (P = 0.03) and 0.62 increase (P = 0.004) in days of therapy, respectively. For safety, Figure 2 shows the increase in Scr vs. BL free area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to end of the dosing interval (fAUC0-tau). Cefepime fAUC0-tau predicted neurotoxicity (OR per 20 unit increase 1.08 [95% CI: 1.01–1.18]). Conclusion In SICU patients, increase in fT > MIC was associated with shorter treatment duration, and fAUC0-tau increase was associated with an increase in Scr and incidence of neurotoxicity. TDM is warranted in this population to optimize therapy. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

scholarly journals What Are the Current Approaches to Optimising Antimicrobial Dosing in the Intensive Care Unit?

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Ming G. Chai ◽  
Menino O. Cotta ◽  
Mohd H. Abdul-Aziz ◽  
Jason A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Point Of Care System

Antimicrobial dosing in the intensive care unit (ICU) can be problematic due to various challenges including unique physiological changes observed in critically ill patients and the presence of pathogens with reduced susceptibility. These challenges result in reduced likelihood of standard antimicrobial dosing regimens achieving target exposures associated with optimal patient outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore the various methods for optimisation of antimicrobial dosing in ICU patients. Dosing nomograms developed from pharmacokinetic/statistical models and therapeutic drug monitoring are commonly used. However, recent advances in mathematical and statistical modelling have resulted in the development of novel dosing software that utilise Bayesian forecasting and/or artificial intelligence. These programs utilise therapeutic drug monitoring results to further personalise antimicrobial therapy based on each patient’s clinical characteristics. Studies quantifying the clinical and cost benefits associated with dosing software are required before widespread use as a point-of-care system can be justified.

scholarly journals Initiation of Vancomycin Therapy and the First Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Inga Mauliņa ◽  
Angelika Krūmiņa ◽  
Aleksandra Aitullina ◽  
Roberts Erts ◽  
Katrīna Bandere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Vancomycin Therapy ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Subtherapeutic Level

AbstractThere have been a limited number of studies in Latvia that were focused on vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), especially during the initiation phase of the therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate details of vancomycin therapy in its initiation phase and to analyse the results of the first therapeutic drug monitoring within a multidisciplinary hospital in Latvia. A retrospective observational study was performed in a multidisciplinary hospital in Latvia. Adult patients hospitalised in an intensive care unit and undergoing vancomycin therapy with at least one concentration measurement were included in this study. Data about patients included demographic and clinical data, renal function prior to initiation of vancomycin therapy, data about vancomycin therapy, data about the first TDM, and details about the first measurement of vancomycin concentration according to determined reference range — subtherapeutic, therapeutic and supratherapeutic levels. A total of 60 intensive care unit patients who received vancomycin with at least one concentration measurement were included in this study. Fifty-eight patients received vancomycin as intermittent intravenous infusion. The first measurement of concentration was taken before the 3rd–4th vancomycin dose in 38.3% cases, and in 33.3% cases — before the 2nd dose. Sampling to determine the concentration within 30 minutes before vancomycin administration was performed in zero cases. In 35% cases, sampling was done within 2–5 hours before vancomycin administration and in 23.3% — immediately after or within a few hours after vancomycin infusion. Twelve (20%) patients had a concentration in the subtherapeutic level, and 14 (23.3%) patients had concentrations above the therapeutic level. In 42.8% of patients who had concentrations in supratherapeutic level, sampling had been performed immediately after or within several hours after vancomycin administration. The first concentration measurement was performed more than one hour before an infusion in all cases. Data on concentrations and timing were not adequate to perform appropriate therapy modification. Interpretation of dosing regime and concentration results were not adequate, and therefore correct modification of vancomycin therapy was often not possible. Routines of correct dosing regime and the 1st TDM during the initiation phase of vancomycin therapy can be improved.

scholarly journals PP197—Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin and Aminoglycosides in an Intensive Care Unit, a Retrospective Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. e79 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Ing Lorenzini ◽  
C. Samer ◽  
J. Pugin ◽  
S. Harbarth ◽  
P. Bonnabry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Therapeutic Drug

scholarly journals 708: USE OF BETA-LACTAM THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING IN THE PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-348
Author(s):  
Kalen Manasco ◽  
John Vila ◽  
William Bortcosh ◽  
Renad Abu-Sawwa ◽  
Charles Peloquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Beta Lactam
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