scholarly journals Geographical variation of parental‐reported sleep bruxism among children: comparison between the Netherlands, Armenia and Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Maurits K. A. Selms ◽  
Carolina Marpaung ◽  
Ani Pogosian ◽  
Frank Lobbezoo
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Sleep Bruxism

scholarly journals Euthanasia in the Netherlands: a claims data cross-sectional study of geographical variation

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002573
Author(s):  
A Stef Groenewoud ◽  
Femke Atsma ◽  
Mina Arvin ◽  
Gert P Westert ◽  
Theo A Boer
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional Patterns

BackgroundThe annual incidence of euthanasia in the Netherlands as a percentage of all deaths rose from 1.9% in 1990 to 4.4% in 2017. Scarce literature on regional patterns calls for more detailed insight into the geographical variation in euthanasia and its possible explanations.ObjectivesThis paper (1) shows the geographical variation in the incidence of euthanasia over time (2013–2017); (2) identifies the associations with demographic, socioeconomic, preferential and health-related factors; and (3) shows the remaining variation after adjustment and discusses its meaning.Design, setting and methodsThis cross-sectional study used national claims data, covering all healthcare claims during 12 months preceding the death of Dutch insured inhabitants who died between 2013 and 2017. From these claims all euthanasia procedures by general practitioners were selected (85% of all euthanasia cases). Rates were calculated and compared at three levels: 90 regions, 388 municipalities and 196 districts in the three largest Dutch cities. Data on possibly associated variables were retrieved from national data sets. Negative binomial regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with geographical variation in euthanasia.ResultsThere is considerable variation in euthanasia ratio. Throughout the years (2013–2017) the ratio in the three municipalities with the highest incidence was 25 times higher than in the three municipalities with the lowest incidence. Associated factors are age, church attendance, political orientation, income, self-experienced health and availability of voluntary workers. After adjustment for these characteristics a considerable amount of geographical variation remains (factor score of 7), which calls for further exploration.ConclusionThe Netherlands, with 28 years of legal euthanasia, experiences large-scale unexplained geographical variation in the incidence of euthanasia. Other countries that have legalised physician-assisted dying or are in the process of doing so may encounter similar patterns. The unexplained part of the variation may include the possibility that part of the euthanasia practice may have to be understood in terms of underuse, overuse or misuse.

Psychology in The Netherlands

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter van Drunen ◽  
Pieter J. van Strien
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands
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