Development of a skin microbiome diagnostic method to assess skin condition in healthy individuals: Application of research on skin microbiomes and skin condition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kotakeyama ◽  
Rie Nakamura ◽  
Masaharu Kurosawa ◽  
Seiko Ota ◽  
Ruka Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Individuals

scholarly journals The First Report of Diversity Analyses of Skin Microbiome In Indonesian Leprosy Patient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Gunawan ◽  
Pati Aji Achdiat ◽  
Oki Suwarsa ◽  
Dhaifina Alkatirie ◽  
Endang Sutedja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Leprosy Patient ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Microbiome Profile ◽  
Leprosy Patients

Abstract BackgroundSkin microbiome is quiet diverse. There are several factors influencing the skin microbiome, such as skin diseases. However, the effects of leprosy on the skin microbiome remain unclear and there are only a few studies about skin microbiome on leprosy. The aim of this study was to investigate the alpha diversity of skin microbiome on lesional site of multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients who visited the top referral hospital in West Java Indonesia. Here in this study we characterize the skin microbiome in leprosy patient in compared to healthy individual by using next generation 16S rRNA sequencing. A total 18 skin swab samples were collected from 18 samples (14 leprosy patients, 4 healthy individuals).ResultsTaxonomic analysis of leprous skin lesions revealed main five phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were overrepresented in leprosy patients, while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria were diminished in leprosy patients compared to healthy individuals. The main five genera in leprous skin lesions were Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, and Propionibacterium. Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Micrococcus were enriched in leprosy patients, while Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium which have a protective role in normal skin, were diminished in leprosy patients when compared with healthy individuals. Twenty-five species were found in leprous skin lesions that were not typical in human skin and considered as potentially pathogenic. The alpha diversity analysis showed that leprous skin lesions is less diverse than that of the healthy skin microbiome.ConclusionAs a conclusion, the skin microbiome on lesional site of leprosy patient show alteration and less diverse compare to healthy individuals. This suggest that leprosy can affects skin microbiome profile or otherwise.

scholarly journals Insights into the skin microbiome dynamics of leprosy patients during multi-drug therapy and in healthy individuals from Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo E. S. Silva ◽  
Mariana P. Reis ◽  
Marcelo P. Ávila ◽  
Marcela F. Dias ◽  
Patrícia S. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Leprosy Patients

scholarly journals Could Modifying the Skin Microbiome, Diet, and Lifestyle Help with the Adverse Skin Effects after Stopping Long-Term Topical Steroid Use?

Allergies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Christopher Wallen-Russell ◽  
Anja Gijsberts-Veens ◽  
Samuel Wallen-Russell
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Study

We set up this preliminary study to begin to evaluate one main question: could strengthening the microbiome have potential benefits for the skin condition of patients suffering with adverse effects after stopping long-term topical steroid use? We aim to turn it into a much larger study if the results show the interventions might help. After commonly being prescribed for eczema, cessation of topical steroid use, especially after long periods of inappropriate use, can leave lasting adverse effects on the body and skin, known by some as topical steroid withdrawal (TSW). This preliminary study involved seven human participants suffering with skin problems associated with TSW who approached Dr. Anja Gijsberts-Veens of their own volition because they were interested in more natural recovery methods. Five completed the study in full. Progress in skin condition was tracked by self-assessed symptom severity questionnaires filled out at the beginning and end of the five-month study. The skin microbiome was addressed by using a 100% natural product shown in previous work to significantly increase skin microbiome biodiversity. Three participants implemented dietary changes and supplementation in response to guidance after fecal sample analysis, with the aim of improving gut microbiome health. The average improvement in skin symptoms for all participants was 40%, and average symptom improvement ranged from 14% for Patient 5 to 92% for Patient 1. On average, the participants saw an improvement in 85% of their symptoms and stagnation or regression in 11% and 4%, respectively. Our results suggest that the interventions used might improve the skin condition of TSW patients, but the small sample size and the lack of a control group mean that more definitive conclusions should be reserved for our follow-up work, which addresses these issues. We also aim to swab the skin of participants to assess the effect on the skin microbiome from skin and gut treatments, as well as including a more in-depth analysis of skin and gut microbiomes.

scholarly journals Detection of Staphylococcal Species Diversity within Human Skin Microbiome Using a Simple PCR-SSCP Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lubab Aqeel ◽  
Rabab Omran
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism ◽  
Staphylococcal Species ◽  
Pcr Products

Objective. The aim of this study was to detect the diversity of Staphylococcus species of a healthy human skin using a simple techniquevPCR-SSCP. Methods: Blood samples, saliva, and skin swaps samples were collected from 50 persons from Hilla City  - Iraq. The genomic DNA was extracted from these samples using the Bacteria Genomic DNA Kit. The concentrations and purity of DNA extract estimated by NanoDrop spectrophotometer. Polymerase chain reaction – single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) technique was performed to detect the diversity between Staphylococcal species in the human skin microbiome using a specific primer of the 16SrRNA gene. Results: The PCR results, indicated that the Staphylococcal species were found within the ski community, but it's not infected blood and mouth of test healthy individuals. SSCP-heteroduplex patterns of PCR products appeared the presence Staphylococcal species diversity within skin microbiome of test healthy individuals. Conclusion: In spite of the PCR-SSCP, heteroduplex method was simple and cheap and appeared the diversity betweenvStaphylococcalspeciesvin the human skin microbiome, but it's not diagnosed the bacterial strains. So these results required to confirm by DNAvsequencingvtechnique.

Cheek Microbial Communities Vary in Young Children with Atopic Dermatitis in China

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
Liya Song ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Yumei Zheng ◽  
Laiji Ma ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Complex Interactions

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent skin condition with recently increased incidence in younger children. AD development has been correlated with the skin microbiome, and Staphylococcus aureus enrichment causes significant increases in skin lesions. Objective: Our objectives were to compare the microbial diversity of the cheek skin of children with or without AD aged 0–1 years in China, and to determine whether 4 types of skin-isolated bacteria could inhibit S. aureus in vitro. Methods: The skin microbial samples of cheek skin of children were sequenced by 16S rRNA V1-V2 region. Four skin isolated bacterial fermentation supernatants were tested for effects on S. aureus growth, membrane formation, and induction of cytokine secretion from HaCaT cells. Results: Bacterial diversity decreased significantly in skin with severe AD compared to healthy skin (p < 0.01). Seven phyla had content >1%, 4 of which differed in AD (p < 0.05). 38 genera had content >1%, 15 differed (p < 0.05). Differences in 8 species were observed (p < 0.05). In vitro antibacterial and cellular experiments showed that S. aureus growth, biofilm formation, and induction of interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-6 secretion from HaCaT cells were significantly inhibited by Klebsiella oxytoca, Kocuria rhizophila, and Staphylococcus epidermidis culture supernatants (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Skin microbiome changes in children varied with age and with AD. There were complex interactions between skin isolated bacteria and S. aureus which could inhibit S. aureus growth and biofilm formation in vitro, suggesting that these microorganisms could be used in AD treatment.

scholarly journals The balance of metagenomic elements shapes the skin microbiome in acne and health

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Barnard ◽  
Baochen Shi ◽  
Dezhi Kang ◽  
Noah Craft ◽  
Huiying Li
Keyword(s):  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
Virulence Property ◽  
Sample Set

Abstract Studies have emphasized the importance of disease-associated microorganisms in perturbed communities, however, the protective roles of commensals are largely under recognized and poorly understood. Using acne as a model disease, we investigated the determinants of the overall virulence property of the skin microbiota when disease- and health-associated organisms coexist in the community. By ultra-deep metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we revealed higher relative abundances of propionibacteria and Propionibacterium acnes phage in healthy skin. In acne patients, the microbiome composition at the species level and at P. acnes strain level was more diverse than in healthy individuals, with enriched virulence-associated factors and reduced abundance of metabolic synthesis genes. Based on the abundance profiles of the metagenomic elements, we constructed a quantitative prediction model, which classified the clinical states of the host skin with high accuracy in both our study cohort (85%) and an independent sample set (86%). Our results suggest that the balance between metagenomic elements, not the mere presence of disease-associated strains, shapes the overall virulence property of the skin microbiota. This study provides new insights into the microbial mechanism of acne pathogenesis and suggests probiotic and phage therapies as potential acne treatments to modulate the skin microbiota and to maintain skin health.

scholarly journals Interactions between immune system and the microbiome of skin, blood and gut in pathogenesis of rosacea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Isolde Joura ◽  
Alexandra Brunner ◽  
Éva Nemes-Nikodém ◽  
Miklós Sárdy ◽  
Eszter Ostorházi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractThe increasingly wide use of next-generation sequencing technologies has revolutionised our knowledge of microbial environments associated with human skin, gastrointestinal tract and blood. The collective set of microorganisms influences metabolic processes, affects immune responses, and so directly or indirectly modulates disease. Rosacea is a skin condition of abnormal inflammation and vascular dysfunction, and its progression is affected by Demodex mites on the skin surface. When looking into the effects influencing development of rosacea, it is not only the skin microbiome change that needs to be considered. Changes in the intestinal microbiome and their circulating metabolites, as well as changes in the blood microbiome also affect the progression of rosacea. Recent research has confirmed the increased presence of bacterial genera like Acidaminococcus and Megasphera in the intestinal microbiome and Rheinheimera and Sphingobium in the blood microbiome of rosacea patients. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of the interactions between the immune system and the skin, gut and blood microbiome, with particular attention to rosacea diagnostic opportunities.

scholarly journals Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Cutaneous Propionibacteria

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Barnard ◽  
Tremylla Johnson ◽  
Tracy Ngo ◽  
Uma Arora ◽  
Gunilla Leuterio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Type I ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
The Common ◽  
Shed Light

ABSTRACT Porphyrins are intermediate metabolites in the biosynthesis of vital molecules, including heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll. Bacterial porphyrins are known to be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to inflammatory skin diseases. Propionibacterium species are dominant skin commensals and play essential roles in defending against pathogens and in triggering an inflammatory response. To better understand how the inflammatory potential of the skin microbiome may vary depending on its propionibacterial composition, we compared the production levels of porphyrins among Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium granulosum, Propionibacterium avidum, and Propionibacterium humerusii strains. We found that porphyrin production varied among these species, with P. acnes type I strains producing significantly larger amounts of porphyrins than P. acnes type II and III strains and other Propionibacterium species. P. acnes strains that are highly associated with the common skin condition acne vulgaris responded to vitamin B12 supplementation with significantly higher porphyrin production. In contrast, vitamin B12 supplementation had no effect on the porphyrin production of health-associated P. acnes strains and other propionibacteria. We observed low-level porphyrin production in most Propionibacterium strains harboring the deoR repressor gene, with the exception of P. acnes strains belonging to type I clades IB-3 and IC. Our findings shed light on the proinflammatory potential of distinct phylogenetic lineages of P. acnes as well as other resident skin propionibacteria. We demonstrate that the overall species and strain composition is important in determining the metabolic output of the skin microbiome in health and disease. IMPORTANCE Porphyrins are a group of metabolites essential to the biosynthesis of heme, cobalamin, and chlorophyll in living organisms. Bacterial porphyrins can be proinflammatory, with high levels linked to human inflammatory diseases, including the common skin condition acne vulgaris. Propionibacteria are among the most abundant skin bacteria. Variations in propionibacteria composition on the skin may lead to different porphyrin levels and inflammatory potentials. This study characterized porphyrin production in all lineages of Propionibacterium acnes, the most dominant skin Propionibacterium, and other resident skin propionibacteria, including P. granulosum, P. avidum, and P. humerusii. We revealed that P. acnes type I strains produced significantly more porphyrins than did type II and III strains and other Propionibacterium species. The findings from this study shed light on the proinflammatory potential of the skin microbiome and can be used to guide the development of effective acne treatments by modulating the skin microbiome and its metabolic activities.

Morphological and elemental analysis of isolated incubated frog retina-choroid

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa-Warren ◽  
J. B. Warren ◽  
H. W. Kraner
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Frog Retina ◽  
Isolated Retina ◽  
Vertebrate Eye ◽  
Retina Pigment Epithelium

Our previous studies have demonstrated that abnormally high amounts of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) can be accumulated in human retina-choroid under pathological conditions and that barium (Ba), which was not detected in the eyes of healthy individuals, is deposited in the retina pigment epithelium (RPE), and to a lesser extent in the sensory retina and iris. In an attempt to understand how these cations can be accumulated in the vertebrate eye, a morphological and microanalytical study of the uptake and loss of specific cations (K, Ca,Ba,Zn) was undertaken with incubated Rana catesbiana isolated retina and RPE preparations. Large frogs (650-800 gms) were dark adapted, guillotined and their eyes enucleated in deep ruby light. The eyes were hemisected behind the ora serrata and the anterior portion of the eye removed. The eyecup was bisected along the plane of the optic disc and the two segments of retina peeled away from the RPE and incubated.

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