scholarly journals Accounting for year effects and sampling error in temporal analyses of invertebrate population and biodiversity change: a comment on Seibold et al . 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergana N. Daskalova ◽  
Albert B. Phillimore ◽  
Isla H. Myers‐Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Error ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Invertebrate Population

scholarly journals Accounting for year effects and sampling error in temporal analyses of population and biodiversity change - Response to Seibold et al. 2019 “Arthropod decline in grasslands and forests is associated with landscape-level drivers”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergana N. Daskalova ◽  
Isla Heather Myers-Smith ◽  
Albert B Phillimore
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Change Response ◽  
Over Time

An accumulating number of studies are reporting severe biomass, abundance and/or species richness declines of insects (Hallmann et al., 2017; Lister & Garcia, 2018; Seibold et al., 2019; Sánchez-Bayo & Wyckhuys, 2019). Collectively these studies aim to quantify the net change in invertebrate populations and/or community composition over time and to establish whether such changes can be attributed to anthropogenic drivers (Macgregor, Williams, Bell, & Thomas, 2019; Saunders, Janes, & O’Hanlon, 2019; Thomas, Jones, & Hartley, 2019; Montgomery et al., 2020; van Klink et al., 2020). Seibold et al. 2019 analysed a dataset of arthropod biomass, abundance and species richness from forest and grassland plots in a region of Germany and report significant declines of up to 78% over the time period of 2008 to 2018 (Seibold et al., 2019). However, their analysis did not account for the confounding effects of temporal pseudoreplication of observations from the same years. We show that simply by including a year random effect in the statistical models and thereby accounting for the common conditions experienced by observations from proximal sites in the same years, four of the five reported declines become non-significant out of six tests overall. To place their estimated effect sizes and those of other recent studies of insect declines in a broader geographic context, we analysed invertebrate biomass, abundance and species richness over time from 640 time series from 1167 sites around the world. We found that the average trend across the terrestrial and freshwater realms was not significantly distinguishable from no net change. Shorter time series that are likely to be most affected by sampling error variance – such as those reported in Seibold et al. 2019 – yielded the most extreme estimates of decline or increase. We suggest that the uncritical media uptake of extreme negative trends from short time series may be serving to exaggerate the speed of "insect Armageddon" and could eventually undermine public confidence in biodiversity research. We advocate that future research include all available data and use model structures that account for uncertainties to build a more robust understanding of biodiversity change during the Anthropocene and its variation among regions and taxa (Kunin, 2019; Saunders et al., 2019; Thomas et al., 2019; Didham et al., 2020; Dornelas & Daskalova, 2020).

The description-experience gap: Beyond sampling error and recency

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Hau ◽  
Timothy J. Pleskac ◽  
Ralph Hertwig
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Error

Sampling Error for Leaf Water Potential Measurements in Wheat 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Johnson ◽  
H. T. Nguyen ◽  
R. W. McNew ◽  
D. M. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Potential Measurements

Are local losses of biodiversity causing degraded ecosystem function?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Vellend
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Degraded Ecosystem ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Local Extirpation

This chapter highlights the scale dependence of biodiversity change over time and its consequences for arguments about the instrumental value of biodiversity. While biodiversity is in decline on a global scale, the temporal trends on regional and local scales include cases of biodiversity increase, no change, and decline. Environmental change, anthropogenic or otherwise, causes both local extirpation and colonization of species, and thus turnover in species composition, but not necessarily declines in biodiversity. In some situations, such as plants at the regional scale, human-mediated colonizations have greatly outnumbered extinctions, thus causing a marked increase in species richness. Since the potential influence of biodiversity on ecosystem function and services is mediated to a large degree by local or neighborhood species interactions, these results challenge the generality of the argument that biodiversity loss is putting at risk the ecosystem service benefits people receive from nature.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Noninvasive Methods for Liver Biopsy by Fibroscan in Pediatric

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. e55-e59
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Motamed ◽  
Ghobad Heidari ◽  
Bita Heirati ◽  
Parisa Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

AbstractLiver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and management of various liver diseases; however, noninvasive diagnostic modalities may help prevent adverse effects of anesthesia, prolonged hospitalization, sampling error, and other serious complications, particularly in pediatric patients. The aim of this study is to compare the results of liver biopsy and fibroscan in children with chronic liver diseases. All patients presenting chronic liver disease admitted in the ward or clinic of Tehran's Children Medical Center were enrolled in the study. Required laboratory tests were performed to diagnose the disease, followed by elastography using fibroscan 402 (M-probe) Echosens machine and liver biopsy using Menghini technique. Samples were scored by using METAVIR scoring system. Thirty-two patients were reported (68.8%, female) with autoimmune hepatitis (18.8%), Wilson disease (12.5%), and glycogen storage disease (12.5%). The most common pathologic stage and fibroscan result was stage III and F0 (46.9%), respectively. Association between pathology and fibroscan results was not significant. Nonetheless, age and diagnosis, age and Fibroscan score, and pathology and liver function test were significantly associated with each other. Fibroscan cannot be used as an alternative to liver biopsy; however, it can be a useful accessory tool.

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