The species richness-elevation relationship: global patterns of variation in chironomid richness in mountain lakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-350
Author(s):  
Luciana Motta ◽  
Adriana Ruggiero ◽  
Guillermo de Mendoza ◽  
Julieta Massaferro
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mountain Lakes ◽  
Global Patterns

scholarly journals Global patterns and drivers of alpine plant species richness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Testolin ◽  
Fabio Attorre ◽  
Peter Borchardt ◽  
Robert F. Brand ◽  
Helge Bruelheide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
Global Patterns

scholarly journals Responses of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities of Two Tropical, High-Mountain Lakes to Climate Change and Deacidification

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Javier Alcocer ◽  
Luis A. Oseguera ◽  
Diana Ibarra-Morales ◽  
Elva Escobar ◽  
Lucero García-Cid
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mountain Lakes ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
High Mountain Lakes ◽  
La Luna

High-mountain lakes are among the most comparable ecosystems globally and recognized sentinels of global change. The present study pursued to identify how the benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI) communities of two tropical, high mountain lakes, El Sol and La Luna, Central Mexico, have been affected by global/regional environmental pressures. We compared the environmental characteristics and the BMI communities between 2000–2001 and 2017–2018. We identified three principal environmental changes (the air and water temperature increased, the lakes’ water level declined, and the pH augmented and became more variable), and four principal ecological changes in the BMI communities [a species richness reduction (7 to 4), a composition change, and a dominant species replacement all of them in Lake El Sol, a species richness increase (2 to 4) in Lake La Luna, and a drastic reduction in density (38% and 90%) and biomass (92%) in both lakes]. The air and water temperature increased 0.5 °C, and lakes water level declined 1.5 m, all suggesting an outcome of climate change. Contrarily to the expected acidification associated with acid precipitation, both lakes deacidified, and the annual pH fluctuation augmented. The causes of the deacidification and the deleterious impacts on the BMI communities remained to be identified.

scholarly journals Flower‐visitor communities of an arcto‐alpine plant—Global patterns in species richness, phylogenetic diversity and ecological functioning

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Tiusanen ◽  
Tea Huotari ◽  
Paul D. N. Hebert ◽  
Tommi Andersson ◽  
Ashley Asmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
Flower Visitor ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
Ecological Functioning

scholarly journals Inferring global species richness from megatransect data and undetected species estimates

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard A. Huber ◽  
Anne Chao
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Species Incidence ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Species

Ratio-like approaches for estimating global species richness have been criticised for their unjustified extrapolation from regional to global patterns. Here we explore the use of cumulative percentages of ‘new’ (i.e., not formally described) species over large geographic areas (‘megatransects’) as a means to overcome this problem. In addition, we take into account undetected species and illustrate these combined methods by applying them to a family of spiders (Pholcidae) that currently contains some 1,700 described species. The raw global cumulative percentage of new species (‘new’ as of the end of 2008, when 1,001 species were formally described) is 75.1%, and is relatively constant across large biogeographic regions. Undetected species are estimated using the Chao2 estimator based on species incidence data (date by species and locality by species matrices). The estimated percentage of new species based on the date by species matrices is 76.0% with an estimated standard error (s.e.) of 2.6%. This leads to an estimated global species richness of about 4,200 with a 95% confidence interval of (3,300, 5,000). The corresponding values based on locality by species matrices are 84.2% (s.e. 3.0%) and 6,300 with a 95% confidence interval of (4,000, 8,600). Our results suggest that the currently known 1,700 species of Pholcidae may represent no more than about 25–40% of the total species richness. The impact of further biasing factors like geography, species size and distribution, cryptic species, and model assumptions needs to be explored.

scholarly journals Integrating global patterns and drivers of tree diversity across a continuum of spatial grains

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Keil ◽  
Jonathan M. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
Global Data

What drives biodiversity and where are the most biodiverse places on Earth? The answer critically depends on spatial scale (grain), and is obscured by lack of data and mismatches in their grain. We resolve this with cross-scale models integrating global data on tree species richness (S) from 1338 local forest surveys and 287 regional checklists, enabling estimation of drivers and patterns of biodiversity at any desired grain. We uncover grain-dependent effects of both environment and biogeographic regions on S, with a positive regional effect of Southeast Asia at coarse grain that disappears at fine grains. We show that, globally, biodiversity cannot be attributed to purely environmental or regional drivers, since regions are environmentally distinct. Finally, we predict global maps of biodiversity at two grains, identifying areas of exceptional species turnover in China, East Africa, and North America. Our cross-scale approach unifies disparate results from previous studies regarding environmental versus biogeographic predictors of biodiversity, and enables efficient integration of heterogeneous data.

scholarly journals Earthworms of the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen R. P. Phillips ◽  
Erin K. Cameron ◽  
Nico Eisenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
The Tropics

For decades, scientists have known where the highest numbers of species that live aboveground are found. So, they made maps of the world showing these patterns. For most of the aboveground groups, the highest numbers of species occur in the tropics and numbers decrease toward the poles. However, until recently, we did not understand such global patterns for many organisms living in the soil. We decided to create global maps of earthworm species richness. Earthworms provide humans with many useful services, such as moving the soils and improving their quality, which can increase the amount of food that is grown. If we want to protect earthworms and the services they provide, these global maps of earthworms are important because we need to understand where they are and why they live there.

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