Environmental heterogeneity effects on predator and parasitoid insects vary across spatial scales and seasons: a multi-taxon approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 462-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Corcos ◽  
Diego J. Inclán ◽  
Pierfilippo Cerretti ◽  
Maurizio Mei ◽  
Filippo Di Giovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Heterogeneity Effects

Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Stream Fish ◽  
Metapopulation Dynamics ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Trade Offs

<em>Abstract</em>.—Stream fishes carry out their life histories across broad spatial and temporal scales, leading to spatially structured populations. Therefore, incorporating metapopulation dynamics into models of stream fish populations may improve our ability to understand mechanisms regulating them. First, we reviewed empirical research on metapopulation dynamics in the stream fish ecology literature and found 31 papers that used the metapopulation framework. The majority of papers applied no specific metapopulation model, or included space only implicitly. Although parameterization of spatially realistic models is challenging, we suggest that stream fish ecologists should incorporate space into models and recognize that metapopulation types may change across scales. Second, we considered metacommunity theory, which addresses how trade-offs among dispersal, environmental heterogeneity, and biotic interactions structure communities across spatial scales. There are no explicit tests of metacommunity theory using stream fishes to date, so we used data from our research in a Great Plains stream to test the utility of these paradigms. We found that this plains fish metacommunity was structured mainly by spatial factors related to dispersal opportunity and, to a lesser extent, by environmental heterogeneity. Currently, metacommunity models are more heuristic than predictive. Therefore, we propose that future stream fish metacommunity research should focus on developing testable hypotheses that incorporate stream fish life history attributes, and seasonal environmental variability, across spatial scales. This emerging body of research is likely to be valuable not only for basic stream fish ecological research, but also multispecies conservation and management.

Environmental heterogeneity and β diversity of stream macroinvertebrate communities at intermediate spatial scales

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Heino ◽  
Mira Grönroos ◽  
Jari Ilmonen ◽  
Tommi Karhu ◽  
Maija Niva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Stream Macroinvertebrate

scholarly journals Scaling up biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships: the role of environmental heterogeneity in space and time

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1946) ◽  
pp. 20202779
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Thompson ◽  
Sonia Kéfi ◽  
Yuval R. Zelnik ◽  
Laura E. Dee ◽  
Shaopeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Formal Model ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Number Of Species

The biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship is expected to be scale-dependent. The autocorrelation of environmental heterogeneity is hypothesized to explain this scale dependence because it influences how quickly biodiversity accumulates over space or time. However, this link has yet to be demonstrated in a formal model. Here, we use a Lotka–Volterra competition model to simulate community dynamics when environmental conditions vary across either space or time. Species differ in their optimal environmental conditions, which results in turnover in community composition. We vary biodiversity by modelling communities with different sized regional species pools and ask how the amount of biomass per unit area depends on the number of species present, and the spatial or temporal scale at which it is measured. We find that more biodiversity is required to maintain functioning at larger temporal and spatial scales. The number of species required increases quickly when environmental autocorrelation is low, and slowly when autocorrelation is high. Both spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity lead to scale dependence in BEF, but autocorrelation has larger impacts when environmental change is temporal. These findings show how the biodiversity required to maintain functioning is expected to increase over space and time.

Scale-independence in beetle species diversity-productivity relationship: The importance of heterogeneity arrangement in space

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Gillie Pragai ◽  
Yaron Ziv
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
Unimodal Pattern

Abstract Species diversity-productivity relationship is often, but not always, scale dependent. We hypothesize that the arrangement of environmental heterogeneity along a rainfall gradient, as a surrogate for productivity, determines whether scale dependence of beetle diversity at our sandy sites exists. We chose seven geographically distant landscapes (360 kms from south to north) within a mean annual rainfall range of 30–585 mm, each having six clusters of five uniformly distributed pitfall traps (within a range of 0.24 km2). Vegetation and physical variables were measured within each landscape and its clusters to characterize both spatial and temporal heterogeneity. We used species diversity of each cluster and the accumulative species diversity in a landscape as local and regional diversity, respectively. Between-clusters dissimilarity in diversity reflected the turnover of species within a landscape. We used environmental measures in each cluster and at the entire landscape to indicate local and regional heterogeneity, respectively, and changes between transects to characterize the within-landscape dissimilarity in heterogeneity. Beetle diversity and productivity showed a unimodal pattern at both spatial scales, with a peak at intermediate productivity of ca. 300 mm. Environmental heterogeneity increased with productivity both at the local and at the landscape scales, but within-landscape dissimilarity in heterogeneity did not change with productivity. Between-clusters dissimilarity in diversity was higher at intermediate productivity, explaining the unimodal pattern at the landscape scale. We suggest that the scale independence in our study results from the equal distribution of environmental heterogeneity within a landscape. We propose that the exploration of the diversity-productivity relationship across scales should consider the way heterogeneity is distributed along the productivity gradient.

scholarly journals Environmental heterogeneity, species diversity and co-existence at different spatial scales

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riin Tamme ◽  
Inga Hiiesalu ◽  
Lauri Laanisto ◽  
Robert Szava-Kovats ◽  
Meelis Pärtel
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Scales

scholarly journals The map of biodiversity: From local to global scales

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Anton Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Habitat Size ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Regional Species Pool ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Species Area Relationship

Species richness is not homogeneous in space and it normally presents differences when comparing among different sites. These differences often respond to gradients in one or several factors which create biodiversity patterns in space and are scale-dependent. At a local scale, diversity patterns depend on the habitat size (species-area relationship), the productivity, the environmental harshness, the frequency and intensity of disturbance, or the regional species pool. Regional diversity may be influenced by environmental heterogeneity (increasing dissimilarity), although it could act also at smaller or larger spatial scales, and the connectivity among habitats. Finally, at a global scale, diversity patterns are found with the latitude, the altitude or the depth, although these factors are surrogates or one or several environmental variables (productivity, area, isolation, or harshness).

Spatial pattern of intraspecific trait variability in Sphagnum fuscum

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 717-723
Author(s):  
Tobi A. Oke ◽  
M.R. Turetsky
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Hierarchical Design ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variability

Recent studies have shown that intraspecific variability is a mechanism by which species respond to environmental heterogeneity, and that intraspecific variation can have large implications for ecological processes. Here, we studied whether there is meaningful intraspecific variation in the ecohydrological traits, biomass allocation, and decomposability in Sphagnum moss, and if so, to explore the spatial pattern of variability. We implemented a hierarchical design in which we quantified traits of S. fuscum at three spatial scales: (i) between individuals within 8 cm2 patches; (ii) between replicate patches located within a single hummock or hollow location; and (iii) between hummocks. Although we focused on S. fuscum, we also compared the variability in some morphological features of S. fuscum and S. magellanicum. If growth is affected by density, we expected variability to be lowest at the patch level. Contrary to our expectation, most of the variability in both species occurred within-patch, which is our smallest sampling unit. Variability was generally higher in the traits for S. magellanicum compared with the variability in the traits for S. fuscum, which was generally negligible. Also, the pattern of variability observed for some of the traits such as the capitulum mass suggests that the mechanisms controlling different traits may be operating at different spatial scales.

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