scholarly journals Allopreening in the Black‐browed Albatross ( Thalassarche melanophris ): an exploration of patterns and possible functions

Ibis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Gillies ◽  
Tim Guilford ◽  
Paulo Catry
Keyword(s):  
Thalassarche Melanophris

Albatrosses bathe before departing on a foraging trip: implications for risk assessments and marine spatial planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ P. GRANADEIRO ◽  
LETIZIA CAMPIONI ◽  
PAULO CATRY
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Thalassarche Melanophris ◽  
Marine Areas

SummaryTracking studies of seabirds have generally focused in identifying areas used for foraging, in the hope of highlighting regions of energy transfer which may be important for seabird and general ecosystem conservation and special management. However, some sea areas may serve functions other than providing nutritional resources, which may be equally relevant, particularly if used by large numbers of individuals. In this paper, based on a study of 4 breeding colonies in the Falkland Islands and on 314 individuals tracked, we show that virtually all (97.8%) black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophris (BBA) bathe in the close vicinity of the colony, remaining in the area for nearly an hour, before departing on a foraging trip. This compares with only 20 to 40% of the individuals landing close to the colony at the end of a foraging trip. The observed utilization of marine areas by BBA in a radius of 1 to 5 km around the nesting colony is one order of magnitude higher than elsewhere, including foraging hotspots. Clearly, even long-range flying birds such as albatrosses can make an intensive use of the sea-surface in the immediate vicinity of the colonies, and therefore any threats to seabirds in these areas (disturbance, pollutants, collision with artificial structures and light attraction) can potentially have a major impact at the population level. As such, the close neighbourhood of seabird colonies are potentially highly sensitive areas, and this needs to be taken into account when carrying out risk assessments or during marine spatial planning exercises.

scholarly journals Effects of Satellite Transmitters on Albatrosses and Petrels

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Phillips ◽  
Jose C. Xavier ◽  
John P. Croxall
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nest Desertion ◽  
Satellite Transmitters ◽  
Thalassarche Melanophris ◽  
Adult Mass ◽  
Satellite Tag

Abstract Effects of deployment of miniaturized transmitters and loggers have been well studied in penguins, but much less so in flying seabirds. We examined the effects of satellite tag (platform terminal transmitter, PTT) deployment in Black-browed (Thalassarche melanophris) and Gray-headed (T. chrysostoma) albatrosses at South Georgia and reviewed the recent literature for other albatrosses and petrels. In our study, although a few individuals may have slightly extended their foraging trips, overall there was no significant difference in trip duration, meal mass, breeding success, or rate of return in the next season between birds with PTTs and controls. By comparison, most other studies of albatrosses and petrels recorded extended trip durations and, in some cases, high rates of nest desertion following PTT attachment. That occurred particularly where transmitter loads exceeded 3% of adult mass. Extended trip durations may result from reduced flight efficiency, as well as the effect of capture and temporary restraint, but affected birds seem nonetheless to commute to representative foraging areas. To minimize device effects, we suggest that transmitter loads be reduced to a minimum, use of harnesses be avoided (particularly for breeding season deployments when tape attachment to feathers is an effective alternative), and careful attention be given to limiting handling times during incubation when some species are particularly sensitive to disturbance.

Aspergillosis in albatrosses

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryse Martins Melo ◽  
Rodolfo Pinho da Silva Filho ◽  
Vanice Rodrigues Poester ◽  
Cristina Gevehr Fernandes ◽  
Andrea von Groll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Marine Birds ◽  
Thalassarche Melanophris ◽  
Etiological Agents

Abstract Aspergillosis is a respiratory fungal disease of importance in captive marine birds. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of aspergillosis in Thalassarche melanophris during rehabilitation events and to identify the etiological agent. All the albatrosses that were received for rehabilitation and died within a 2-year period were included in the study. The proportionate mortality rate caused by aspergillosis was 21.4% (3/14). One of the etiological agents was Aspergillus flavus/oryzae lineage, and the other was A. fumigatus sensu stricto. Our study suggests that aspergillosis can act as a limiting factor in the rehabilitation of albatrosses.

scholarly journals Diving behaviour of albatrosses: implications for foraging ecology and bycatch susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Bentley ◽  
A. Kato ◽  
Y. Ropert-Coudert ◽  
A. Manica ◽  
R. A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Thalassarche Melanophris ◽  
Phoebetria Palpebrata ◽  
Location Sensor

AbstractDiving is an ecologically important behaviour that provides air-breathing predators with opportunities to capture prey, but that also increases their exposure to incidental mortality (bycatch) in commercial fisheries. In this study, we characterised the diving behaviour of 26 individuals of three species, the black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris, grey-headed albatross T. chrysostoma and light-mantled albatross Phoebetria palpebrata, breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia. Individuals were tracked using Global Location Sensor (GLS)-immersion loggers and time-depth recorders (TDRs) and, for two species, Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers. Although the TDRs recorded 589 dives (defined in this paper as submersion > 1 m), average dive depths and durations were just 1.30–1.49 m and 2.5–3.3 s, respectively, for the three species. In addition, many individuals (22% of black-browed, 20% of grey-headed, and 57% of light-mantled albatrosses; total n = 9, 10 and 7 individuals, respectively) did not dive at all. Most dives occurred at the distal end of foraging trips and were rare during the commuting phase. No dives took place in darkness, despite long periods spent on water at night. The limited and shallow dive activity contrasts with impressions from a previous study using capillary-tube depth gauges (which are less accurate than TDRs) and has implications for the susceptibility of albatrosses to bycatch on longlines. This study provides further support for regulations requiring night setting and increased sink rates of baited hooks to help mitigate albatross bycatch.

scholarly journals Taxonomía y evaluación de la especificidad hospedatoria de nematodos Anisakidae parásitos de aves marinas en el área de Península Valdés, Chubut, Argentina

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lucas E. Garbin
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Thalassarche Melanophris ◽  
Phalacrocorax Brasilianus

Los nemátodos Anisakidae tienen una amplia distribución mundial y sus ciclos de vida transcurren principalmente en hospedadores marinos (peces, cefalópodos, reptiles, aves piscívoras y mamíferos). El ciclo de vida generalmente involucra a invertebrados acuáticos como hospedadores intermediarios, peces como hospedadores intermediarios y/o paraténicos, y peces, reptiles, aves y mamíferos marinos como hospedadores definitivos. Hasta el momento, son escasos los antecedentes de investigación de Anisakidae en Argentina, lo cual alentó llevar a cabo las investigaciones del presente trabajo de tesis, para lo cual se planteó estudiar la taxonomía de los nematodos Anisakidae parásitos de aves marinas en Península Valdés, Chubut, Argentina. Las investigaciones se centralizaron en Península Valdés, aunque también se analizó material proveniente de Punta León y Bahía Bustamante (Chubut), Mar del Plata (Buenos Aires) y Cabo Vírgenes (Santa Cruz). Durante los años 2005 al 2008, se colectaron y examinaron un total de 161 ejemplares de Spheniscus magellanicus, 14 de Phalacrocorax atriceps albiventer, 12 de Phalacrocorax atriceps atriceps, 8 de Phalacrocorax brasilianus, 2 de Phalacrocorax magellanicus y 5 de Thalassarche melanophris.

Incidental capture of seabirds in Argentinean side-haul trawlers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
L. L. TAMINI ◽  
L. N. CHAVEZ ◽  
R. F. DELLACASA ◽  
R. CRAWFORD ◽  
E. FRERE
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Mitigation Measure ◽  
Incidental Capture ◽  
Thalassarche Melanophris ◽  
Procellaria Aequinoctialis ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Trawl Fisheries ◽  
And Training

Summary Between April 2008 and July 2015, we conducted a total of 18 trips on five different side-haul trawlers fishing within the Argentine Exclusive Economic Zone, monitoring 486 hauls. We observed 100% of the hauls and monitored trawl cables for 136.7 hours, about 5% of the trawl effort, to identify the levels of seabird bycatch from net entanglements and collisions with trawl cables. A total of 35 net entanglements of White-chinned Petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis, Great Shearwaters Ardenna gravis, Black-browed Albatrosses Thalassarche melanophris and Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora were recorded, all of which occurred during the autumn and winter. Additionally, 656 seabird collisions against trawl cables were recorded including 39 heavy, 96 medium and 521 light. Further, we recorded nine Black-browed Albatrosses and two Great Shearwaters potentially dead. Although in the study fishery the number of deaths in the trawl cables could surpass the number of birds incidentally killed in nets, the mortality rate caused by the latter type of interaction far exceeds those observed in nets from other trawl fisheries operating in the Patagonian Shelf. Fortunately, 26% of the seabirds entangled in the net were recovered and released alive, which indicates that awareness and training in safe bird handling and release may improve captured seabird survival rates. The main objectives of this work is to highlight a little-studied source of seabird mortality by entanglement, to generate discussion on potential technical mitigation measures for side-haul trawl fisheries, and to propose crew training in safe handling and release of seabirds as an immediate mitigation measure.

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