Reduced song complexity in founder populations of a widely distributed songbird

Ibis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-440
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Hill ◽  
Matthew D.M. Pawley
Keyword(s):  
Song Complexity ◽  
Founder Populations

Queens of the Desert: Convictism and Marital Attitudes across Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Victoria Baranov ◽  
Ralph De Haas ◽  
Pauline Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Founder Populations ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Combined Data

We merge data on spatial variation in the presence of convicts across eighteenth and nineteenth century Australia with results from the country's 2017 poll on same-sex marriage and with household survey data. These combined data allow us to identify the lasting impact of convict colonization on social norms about marriage. We find that in areas with higher historical convict concentrations, more Australians recently voted in favor of same-sex marriage and hold liberal views about marriage more generally. Our results highlight how founder populations can have lasting effects on locally held social norms.

scholarly journals Expansion of Genetic Diversity in Randomly Mating Founder Populations of Alternaria brassicicola Infecting Cakile maritima in Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1946-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Linde ◽  
J. A. Liles ◽  
P. H. Thrall
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Recent Population Expansion ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cakile Maritima ◽  
Founder Populations

ABSTRACT Founder populations of fungal plant pathogens are expected to have low levels of genetic diversity coupled with further genetic drift due to, e.g., limited host availability, which should result in additional population bottlenecks. This study used microsatellite markers in the interaction between Cakile maritima and the fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola to explore genetic expectations associated with such situations. The host, C. maritima, was introduced into Australia approximately 100 years ago, but it is unknown whether the pathogen was already present in Australia, as it has a wide occurrence, or whether it was introduced to Australia on brassicaceous hosts. Eleven A. brassicicola populations were studied, and all showed moderate levels of gene and genotypic diversity. Chi-square tests of the frequencies of mating type alleles, a large number of genotypes, and linkage equilibrium among microsatellite loci all suggest A. brassicicola reproduces sexually. Significant genetic differentiation was found among populations, but there was no evidence for isolation by distance effects. Bayesian analyses identified eight clusters where the inferred clusters did not represent geographical populations but instead consisted of individuals admixed from all populations. Further analysis indicated that fungal populations were more likely to have experienced a recent population expansion than a population bottleneck. It is suggested that A. brassicicola has been introduced into Australia multiple times, potentially increasing the diversity and size of any A. brassicola populations already present there. Combined with its ability to reproduce sexually, such processes appear to have increased the evolutionary potential of the pathogen through recent population expansions.

THE EVOLUTION OF IMMUNE DEFENSE AND SONG COMPLEXITY IN BIRDS

Evolution ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Zsolt Garamszegi ◽  
Anders Pape Møller ◽  
Johannes Erritzøe
Keyword(s):  
Immune Defense ◽  
Song Complexity

scholarly journals Population Genomics of Bettongia lesueur: Admixing Increases Genetic Diversity with no Evidence of Outbreeding Depression

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Rick ◽  
Kym Ottewell ◽  
Cheryl Lohr ◽  
Rujiporn Thavornkanlapachai ◽  
Margaret Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Outbreeding Depression ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Genomic Markers ◽  
Founder Populations

Small and isolated populations are subject to the loss of genetic variation as a consequence of inbreeding and genetic drift, which in turn, can affect the fitness and long-term viability of populations. Translocations can be used as an effective conservation tool to combat this loss of genetic diversity through establishing new populations of threatened species, and to increase total population size. Releasing animals from multiple genetically diverged sources is one method to optimize genetic diversity in translocated populations. However, admixture as a conservation tool is rarely utilized due to the risks of outbreeding depression. Using high-resolution genomic markers through double-digest restriction site-associated sequencing (ddRAD-seq) and life history data collected over nine years of monitoring, this study investigates the genetic and fitness consequences of admixing two genetically-distinct subspecies of Bettongia lesueur in a conservation translocation. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from 215 individuals from multiple generations, we found an almost 2-fold increase in genetic diversity in the admixed translocation population compared to the founder populations, and this was maintained over time. Furthermore, hybrid class did not significantly impact on survivorship or the recruitment rate and therefore we found no indication of outbreeding depression. This study demonstrates the beneficial application of mixing multiple source populations in the conservation of threatened species for minimizing inbreeding and enhancing adaptive potential and overall fitness.

scholarly journals HLA Allele and Haplotype Frequencies in Three Urban Mexican Populations: Genetic Diversity for the Approach of Genomic Medicine

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma D. Del Angel-Pablo ◽  
Ana Itzel Juárez-Martín ◽  
Gloria Pérez-Rubio ◽  
Enrique Ambrocio-Ortiz ◽  
Luis A. López-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Class I ◽  
Mexican Mestizo ◽  
Haplotype Frequencies ◽  
Founder Populations ◽  
Human Leucocyte Antigens ◽  
Haplotype A

Genetic variability defends us against pathogen-driven antigens; human leucocyte antigens (HLA) is the immunological system in charge of this work. The Mexican mestizo population arises mainly from the mixture of three founder populations; Amerindian, Spaniards, and a smaller proportion of the African population. We describe allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA class I (-A and -B) and class II (-DRB1 and -DQB1), which were analyzed by PCR-SSP in Mexican mestizo from three urban populations of Mexico: Chihuahua-Chihuahua City (n = 88), Mexico City-Tlalpan (n = 330), and Veracruz-Xalapa (n = 84). The variability of the allele HLA class I and class II among the three regions of Mexico are in four alleles: HLA-A*24:02 (36.39%), -B*35:01 (16.04%), -DRB1*04:07 (17.33%), and -DQB1*03:02 (31.47%), these alleles have been previously described in some indigenous populations. We identified 5 haplotypes with a frequency >1%: HLA-A*02:01-B*35:01-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02, A*68:01-B*39:01-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02, A*02:01-B*35:01-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02, A*68:01-B*39:01-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02, and A*01:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01. Also, the haplotype A*02:01-B*35:01-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02 was identified in Tlalpan and Xalapa regions. Haplotype A*01:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01 was found only in Tlalpan and Chihuahua. In the Xalapa region, the most frequent haplotype was A*24:02-B*35:01-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02. These alleles and haplotypes have been described in Amerindian populations. Our data are consistent with previous studies and contribute to the analysis of the variability in the Mexican population.

scholarly journals Pleistocene Water Crossings and Adaptive Flexibility Within the Homo Genus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Adaptive Behaviors ◽  
Cognitive Ecology ◽  
Founder Populations ◽  
Provisioning Strategies ◽  
Novel Environments ◽  
Global Data

Abstract Pleistocene water crossings, long thought to be an innovation of Homo sapiens, may extend beyond our species to encompass Middle and Early Pleistocene Homo. However, it remains unclear how water crossings differed among hominin populations, the extent to which Homo sapiens are uniquely flexible in these adaptive behaviors, and how the tempo and scale of water crossings played out in different regions. I apply the adaptive flexibility hypothesis, derived from cognitive ecology, to model the global data and address these questions. Water-crossing behaviors appear to have emerged among different regional hominin populations in similar ecologies, initially representing nonstrategic range expansion. However, an increasing readiness to form connections with novel environments allowed some H. sapiens populations to eventually push water crossings to new extremes, moving out of sight of land, making return crossings to maintain social ties and build viable founder populations, and dramatically shifting subsistence and lithic provisioning strategies to meet the challenges of variable ecological settings.

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