Exclusion of deer affects responses of birds to woodland regeneration in winter and summer

Ibis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chas A. Holt ◽  
Robert J. Fuller ◽  
Paul M. Dolman
Keyword(s):  
Woodland Regeneration

Breeding habitat, nest-site characteristics and productivity of the little eagle (Hieraaetus morphnoides) near Armidale, New South Wales

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Candice Larkin ◽  
Ross Jenkins ◽  
Paul G. McDonald ◽  
Stephen J. S. Debus
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Foraging Habitat ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Woodland Regeneration

We aimed to elucidate nesting requirements and nest success of the threatened little eagle (Hieraaetus morphnoides). Nest sites (n=12 active and 2–5 recent historical nests) near Armidale, New South Wales, were measured in 2017 at three scales: the nest tree, the nest woodland (≤25m from the nest tree), and (using GIS) the landscape scale (within 200-m and 2-km radii of the nest). The eagles typically nested ≥14m above ground in the canopy of emergent (>20m tall) living eucalypts in sheltered positions (midslope, with a north-easterly to southerly aspect), in woodland patches >5ha (mean 76ha), <200m (mean 78m) from the woodland edge, though ≥11m (mean 190m) from an agricultural edge, ≥38m (mean 485m) from the nearest rural dwelling, >1km from suburbia, and farther from sealed roads (mean 832m) than gravel roads (mean 490m) than minor tracks (mean 291m). Breeding productivity in 2017–18 (n=15 and 18 territories, respectively) was 0.91 young fledged per attempt (clutch laid) and 0.67 young fledged per occupied territory per year. Nest sites were used annually for at least 3–7 years. Nest abandonments or site shifts were associated with human disturbance (e.g. clearing, earthmoving, subdivision and construction in or beside the nest patch), death of the nest tree or nest stand (‘eucalypt dieback’ or rural tree decline), pindone baiting for rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and displacement by wedge-tailed eagles (Aquila audax) and ravens (Corvus sp.). As most little eagle nests were located on private land, we recommend, inter alia, greater protection of breeding habitat, nest sites and foraging habitat, woodland regeneration (especially riparian), and a buffer around established nests of ≥1km from major developments such as urbanisation.

Stand structure and growth form of the birch transition community in an industrially damaged ecosystem, Sudbury, Ontario

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. James ◽  
G. M. Courtin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Woodland Regeneration ◽  
Crown Dieback

The anthropogenic birch transition community has developed in the vicinity of Sudbury, Ont., as a result of base-metal mining and smelting, logging, and forest fires over the past century. This study investigates the floristic composition and structure of an exposed ridge site and a protected woodland site in this community, a coppice woodland dominated by Betulapapyrifera Marsh. and Acerrubrum L. For convenience in the field, vegetation was classified into growth forms I to V on the basis of morphological development and stem diameter to separate multiple-stemmed stools from single-stemmed individuals and seedlings from saplings of seedling size but older than 1 year. The ridge was dominated by small stools (growth form II) of B. papyrifera, whereas both large stools (growth form I) and small stools of B. papyrifera and A. rubrum characterized the woodland. No A. rubrum and only a few B. papyrifera seedlings became established at the ridge. Seedlings that survive develop into growth form II while still less than 1 m high. At the woodland, regeneration also was low, but A. rubrum seedlings were more frequent than those of B. papyrifera. Lack of seedlings, the persistence of coppicing, and periodic crown dieback maintain this coppice woodland in its present form so that little change with time is expected.

The efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides on problem weeds in woodland regeneration

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.L. Dixon ◽  
D.V. Clay ◽  
I. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Woodland Regeneration

Hadrian’s Wall in Context: A Multi-Proxy Palaeoenvironmental Perspective from Lakes

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Petra Dark
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
Woodland Regeneration ◽  
Hadrian's Wall

AbstractThe Hadrian’s Wall area has more pollen sequences spanning Late Antiquity than any other part of the British Isles, but most are from peat bogs, posing problems of distinguishing between changes in the local wetland vegetation and events in the wider landscape. Here, an alternative perspective is offered by multi-proxy analyses of sediments from two lakes—Crag Lough and Grindon Lough—adjacent to the central sector of Hadrian’s Wall and the Stanegate, respectively. These demonstrate that at least the central sector of the Hadrianic frontier was constructed in a landscape already shaped by two millennia of woodland clearance, burning, farming and soil erosion. Roman military presence led to changes in agricultural and settlement patterns, but the overall impact, from an environmental perspective, was minor compared to that of prehistoric peoples. Roman withdrawal led to a relaxation in land use intensity, resulting in woodland regeneration on areas least favourable to agriculture, probably encouraged by climatic deterioration. The landscape, overall, remained predominantly open and agricultural, however, resembling that of the Late Iron Age. A multi-proxy multi-site approach offers the greatest prospect of understanding environmental and landscape changes connected with Roman military presence and withdrawal, and the varied spatial and temporal scales on which they occurred.

Woodland regeneration on grazed former arable land: A question of tolerance, defence or protection?

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Van Uytvanck ◽  
Anke Van Noyen ◽  
Tanja Milotic ◽  
Kris Decleer ◽  
Maurice Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Woodland Regeneration

The effect of competition from different weed species on the growth of Betula pendula seedlings

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1900-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Willoughby ◽  
David V Clay ◽  
Fiona L Dixon ◽  
Geoff W Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cirsium Vulgare ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Woodland Regeneration

The identification of less competitive weed species and infestation rates might allow weeding operations to be better targeted, help conserve local plant biodiversity, and facilitate reductions in the amount of herbicide used to achieve woodland regeneration. Therefore, the effect of competition from pure stands of Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., Epilobium ciliatum Raf., Holcus lanatus L., Poa annua L., and Persicaria maculosa Gray on Betula pendula Roth was investigated over 2 years. All weed species reduced tree growth significantly compared with weed-free plots, but there were no significant differences among species. When Lolium perenne L., Rumex obtusifolius L., and Cirsium vulgare were established at four densities in plots containing newly planted B. pendula over a 1-year period, all weed species reduced tree growth, but Lolium perenne was the most competitive. Weed density had no significant effect, indicating that even sparse weed growth can have a major impact on tree performance. None of the treatments affected B. pendula survival. These results confirm the inhibitory effects of a range of weed species on tree growth, but not survival, and the capacity of B. pendula to recover in the second year after planting from an initial check in growth. Percent cover was a good explanatory variable for models developed to describe the effects of weeds on tree growth, and preliminary competition indices for the different species are presented.

scholarly journals Exploring the linkages between multifunctional forestry goals and the legacy of spruce plantations in Scotland

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nijnik ◽  
Albert Nijnik ◽  
Iain Brown
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Woodland Regeneration ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Multifunctional Forestry

This paper explores the ecosystem services associated with woodlands, as they are viewed by individuals in Scotland, with the idea to reconcile objectives for multifunctionality with the legacy of past forestry systems that were not designed with multifunctionality in mind. Research follows a semi-qualitative route and applies the Q method to identify and explain a range of attitudes among the general public and forestry-associated stakeholders regarding the functional future of forestry in Scotland. Four distinctive groups of attitudes were identified and key factors influencing the attitudinal diversity were explained. Despite the uncovered attitudinal heterogeneity, all groups of attitudes have strong emphasis on native woodland regeneration and on improvement of aesthetic values of woodlands but differ concerning afforestation. An improved understanding of what people think provided an indication of their recognition of ecosystem services types and the trade-offs between these, opportunities available, and factors that can hamper forestry development (e.g., concerning the aspiration of increasing Scotland’s forest cover to 25%). Findings suggest that the productivists’ position (for which the economic objectives are important) remains strong in Scotland. Results (compared with those in several other countries) demonstrate comparability between public and stakeholder perspectives in support of the multifunctional forestry, and this has distinct policy relevance and implications for decision-making.

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