scholarly journals Characterization of HIV‐1 drug resistance among patients with failure of second‐line combined antiretroviral therapy in central Ethiopia

HIV Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tafese Beyene Tufa ◽  
Andre Fuchs ◽  
Hans Martin Orth ◽  
Nadine Lübke ◽  
Elena Knops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Patterns of HIV-1 Drug Resistance After First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Failure in 6 Sub-Saharan African Countries: Implications for Second-Line ART Strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1660-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Hamers ◽  
K. C. E. Sigaloff ◽  
A. M. Wensing ◽  
C. L. Wallis ◽  
C. Kityo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Second Line ◽  
First Line ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals High Detection Rate of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Patients Who Fail Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Manaus, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yury Oliveira Chaves ◽  
Flávio Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
Rebeca de Souza Pinheiro ◽  
Diego Rafael Lima Batista ◽  
Antônio Alcirley da Silva Balieiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Combined Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv 1

Virologic failure may occur because of poor treatment adherence and/or viral drug resistance mutations (DRM). In Brazil, the northern region exhibits the worst epidemiological scenarios for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of HIV-1 and DRM in Manaus. The cross-sectional study included people living with HIV on combined antiretroviral therapy and who had experienced virological failure during 2018-2019. Sequencing of the protease/reverse transcriptase (PR/RT) and C2V3 of the viral envelope gp120 (Env) regions was analyzed to determine subtypes/variants of HIV-1, DRMs, and tropism. Ninety-two individuals were analyzed in the study. Approximately 72% of them were male and 74% self-declared as heterosexual. Phylogenetic inference (PR/RT-Env) showed that most sequences were B subtype, followed by BF1 or B C mosaic genomes and few F1 and C sequences. Among the variants of subtype B at PR/RT, 84.3% were pandemic ( B PAN ), and 15.7% were Caribbean ( B CAR ). The DRMs most frequent were M184I/V (82.9%) for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), K103N/S (63.4%) for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and V82A/L/M (7.3%) for protease inhibitors (PI). DRM analysis depicted high levels of resistance for lamivudine and efavirenz in over 82.9% of individuals; although, low (7.7%) cross-resistance to etravirine was observed. A low level of resistance to protease inhibitors was found and included patients that take atazanavir/ritonavir (16.6%) and lopinavir (11.1%), which confirms that these antiretrovirals can be used—for most individuals. The thymidine analog mutations-2 (TAM-2) resistance pathway was higher in B CAR than in B PAN . Similar results from other Brazilian studies regarding HIV drug resistance were observed; however, we underscore a need for additional studies regarding subtype B CAR variants. Molecular epidemiology studies are an important tool for monitoring the prevalence of HIV drug resistance and can influence the public health policies.

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