HPV 16 and 18 contribute to development of anal dysplasia in HIV infection irrespective of gender and sexual orientation

HIV Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Squillace ◽  
Davide Paolo Bernasconi ◽  
Giuseppe Lapadula ◽  
Alessandro Soria ◽  
Francesca Sabbatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Anal Dysplasia

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Behavioral Factors Associated with HIV Vulnerability according to Sexual Orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida A. O. Serra ◽  
Antoninho B. Milhomem ◽  
Samae B. Oliveira ◽  
Francisca Aline A. S. Santos ◽  
Roberta Araújo e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sex With Men

Objective. To analyze sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with vulnerability to HIV according to sexual orientation. Method. This is a cross-sectional study conducted using data on 3,818 people in the city of Imperatriz, Brazil, during 2015 and 2016. The survey’s questionnaires addressed sociodemographic and behavioral variables. For the data analysis, association (chi-square test) and strength of association (odds ratio) were observed. A significance level of p<0.05 and adjustment for age and gender were taken into consideration. Results. A substantial portion of the sample stated they were heterosexual (88.8%). These individuals demonstrated a lower chance of HIV infection (p<0.001), sexually transmitted infections (p<0.001), alcohol use (p<0.001) and condom use (p<0.001), compared to men who have sex with men and/or bisexuals. In this group, after adjusting for confounding variables, the factors associated with HIV infection were being male (p<0.001), unmarried (p<0.001), having completed higher education (p<0.001) and boasting multiple sexual partners (p<0.001). Conclusion. Behavioral and sociodemographic factors of vulnerability to HIV are predominant among men who have sex with men and/or are bisexual.

scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus-16 DNA Quantitation Differentiates High-Grade Anal Neoplasia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Agsalda-Garcia ◽  
Tiffany Shieh ◽  
Eleanore Chuang ◽  
Nicholas Loi ◽  
Cris Milne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Anal Dysplasia ◽  
Dna Quantitation ◽  
Copy Numbers

Background: Due to their higher rates of anal dysplasia/cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals are recommended to undergo anal dysplasia screening, which consists of anal cytology (AC) and high resolution anoscopy (HRA) with anal biopsy (AB) after abnormal AC result. However, AC variability limits its usefulness. Our objective was to evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 DNA quantitation as part of the screening algorithm. Methods: HPV-16 was detected in AC specimens from 75 HIV-positive participants using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. AB results were available from 18/44 patients who had abnormal AC. Statistical tests included Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kappa coefficient tests. Results: HPV-16 copy numbers differed significantly across AC (p = 0.001) and AB grades (p = 0.009). HPV-16 ≥ 65 copies/cell predicted high-grade AB (p = 0.04). Using this cut-off in comparison to AB, it had better specificity (1.00) than AC (0.75) and specificity (0.77) than qualitative HPV-16 detection (0.38). Also, the Kappa coefficient of the cut-off (κ = 0.649) was higher than AC (κ = 0.557) and qualitative HPV-16 detection (κ = 0.258) to AB. Conclusion: Higher HPV-16 copy numbers corresponded to higher AC and AB grades, suggesting the importance of HPV burden on disease stage. Furthermore, HPV-16 ≥ 65 copies/cell distinguished high-grade disease and demonstrated better sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with AB than AC or qualitative HPV-16 detection. These results support the potential use of HPV quantitation in conjunction with AC in anal dysplasia screening.

scholarly journals Study of epidemiology, clinicopathological correlation, prognostic factors and management in squamous cell carcinoma of vulva

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Chetana D. Parekh ◽  
Ruchi S. Arora ◽  
Shilpa M. Patel ◽  
Pabashi Poddar ◽  
Ava D. Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Locally Advanced Disease

Background: Carcinoma of the vulva is rare cancer, pruritus is the most common and long-lasting reported symptom. It is found to be associated with HPV and HIV infection. Currently, a more individualized and less radical treatment is suggested. In this study we evaluated epidemiology, clinicopathological prognostic factors, HPV distribution and risk factors for metastases to lymph nodes. We also reviewed multidisciplinary clinical management carried out at our institute.Methods: It is a prospective study of 25 biopsy proven cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Vulva, treated at our center from September 2014 to September 2016. We collected the data regarding the clinical presentation, histological details, treatment given, survival and complications. HPV 16 and 18 testing were done using PCR method. Median follow up of the patients are for 24 months.Results: The mean age of patients was 54.6 years. Commonest presentation was perineal itching (36%). HPV 16/18 were positive in 25% of the patients. Radical vulvectomy with bilateral groin dissection was done in 14/25 (56%) patients. Among these 14 patients, 35.7 % (5/14) has lymph node metastases, disease free survival was 63.6% and overall survival was 81.1% for median follow up of 24 months. About one third of the patient presented with locally advanced disease.  Six (24%) patients received only chemo radiation as a treatment.Conclusions: HPV and HIV infection increase the risk of vulvar cancer. Individualization of treatment is necessary. The use of preoperative chemoradiation in locally advanced disease might have promising results in future.

Association of anal dysplasia and human papillomavirus with immunosuppression and HIV infection among homosexual men

AIDS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy B. Kiviat ◽  
Cathy W. Critchlow ◽  
King K. Holmes ◽  
Jane Kuypers ◽  
James Sayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Anal Dysplasia

scholarly journals HIV-Associated Structural and Functional Brain Alterations in Homosexual Males

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Ma ◽  
Xiudong Shi ◽  
Guochao Chen ◽  
Fengxiang Song ◽  
Fengjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Homogeneity ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Purpose:Neuroimaging elucidations have shown structural and functional brain alterations in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals when compared to HIV-negative (HIV–) controls. However, HIV− groups used in previous studies were not specifically considered for sexual orientation, which also affects the brain structures and functions. The current study aimed to characterize the brain alterations associated with HIV infection while controlling for sexual orientation.Methods:Forty-three HIV+ and 40 HIV– homosexual men (HoM) were recruited and underwent resting-state MRI scanning. Group differences in gray matter volume (GMV) were assessed using a voxel-based morphometry analysis. Brain regions with the altered GMV in the HIV+ HoM group were then taken as regions of interest in a seed-based analysis to identify altered functional connectivity. Furthermore, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity values were compared between the two groups to evaluate the HIV-associated functional abnormalities in local brain regions.Results:HIV+ HoM showed significantly increased GMV in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala, and decreased GMV in the right inferior cerebellum, compared with the HIV– HoM. The brain regions with increased GMV were hyper-connected with the left superior cerebellum, right lingual gyrus, and left precuneus in the HIV+ HoM. Moreover, the ALFF values of the right fusiform gyrus, and left parahippocampal gyrus were increased in the HIV+ HoM. The regional homogeneity values of the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and left superior cerebellum were decreased in the HIV+ HoM.Conclusion:When the study population was restricted to HoM, HIV+ individuals exhibited structural alterations in the limbic system and cerebellum, and functional abnormalities in the limbic, cerebellum, and visual network. These findings complement the existing knowledge on the HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment from the previous neuroimaging studies by controlling for the potential confounding factor, sexual orientation. Future studies on brain alternations with the exclusion of related factors like sexual orientation are needed to understand the impact of HIV infection on neurocognitive function more accurately.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Changes Associated With HIV Infection and Sexual Orientation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Ping Cui ◽  
Lijia Luo ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Gut Microbiome
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