Dysplasia and carcinoma of the gallbladder: pathologic evaluation, sampling, differential diagnosis and clinical implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Roa ◽  
Olca Basturk ◽  
Volkan Adsay
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Gallbladder ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation

Neurogenic Polyps of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Clinicopathologic Review With Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis and Syndromic Associations

2015 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn F. Hechtman ◽  
Noam Harpaz
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Molecular Features

Primary neurogenic gastrointestinal polyps are encountered relatively frequently in routine pathology practice. They encompass a variety of neoplastic entities with clinical, morphologic, and molecular features that reflect the diversity of neural elements within the gastrointestinal system. Although most are benign and encountered incidentally, accurate diagnosis may have important clinical implications because of the associations of certain neurogenic polyps with familial syndromes or other conditions. We review the pathology of these polyps with an emphasis on the diagnostic challenges that they pose and on newly described subtypes.

scholarly journals Primary Urachal Hydatid Cyst in a Child: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugay TARTAR ◽  
Unal BAKAL ◽  
Mehmet SARAC ◽  
Ibrahim AKDENIZ ◽  
Ahmet KAZEZ
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Median Incision

The hydatid cyst (HC) is an endemic parasitic disease worldwide. Although the HC can locate in every part of a body, it rarely occurs over the abdominal wall. A 12-year-old female patient was brought to Department of Pediatric Surgery, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey in 2017. She had been suffering from abdominal pain for one week. A lump was determined underneath her skin in the suprapubic region. It was swollen, tense and movable. A cystic mass filling the midline was found in the radiological bladder superior. It was an anechoic cyst causing ondulation on the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. The sizes of the mass were measured approximately as 9x7 cm (mesentery cyst?). The cystic mass was occurred in the urachal area of the anterior abdominal wall, not in the abdomen. After the cyst was emptied with applying mini median incision below the umbilicus, we saw the germinative membrane inside the cyst. Diagnosis of the HC was confirmed with the pathologic evaluation. For the differential diagnosis of a pure cystic mass, which can locate in every part of a body, diagnosis of the HC should be considered.

Treatment options for deciduous molar hypomineralization: a report of three cases

Dental Update ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-553
Author(s):  
Yasmy Quintero ◽  
Manuel Restrepo ◽  
Jenny Angélica Saldarriaga ◽  
Alexandra Saldarriaga ◽  
Lourdes Santos-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Enamel Defect ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Deciduous Molar

Deciduous molar hypomineralization (DMH) is an enamel defect of systemic and multifactorial origin that affects the second deciduous molar. Currently, its treatment is based on guidelines for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH), a disturbance that affects permanent molars and may or may not be associated with permanent incisors. To date, there are no guidelines for DMH. Therefore, three different therapeutic approaches are presented to treat DMH, emphasizing the relevance of early diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment options, and tailored to take into account each patient's and parents' specific needs, as well as the involved tooth, severity of DMH, patients' symptoms and behaviour. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To understand the clinical implications of DMH since the diagnosis and delayed treatment of this enamel alteration could have important complications in both the primary and permanent dentition.

An Algorithmic Approach to the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neoplasms

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Klimstra ◽  
Martha B. Pitman ◽  
Ralph H. Hruban
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasms ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasm ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Algorithmic Approach ◽  
Normal Gland ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation ◽  
Additional Diagnostic Information

Abstract Context.—The pancreas gives rise to an array of distinct neoplasms that can be solid, cystic, or intraductal and can recapitulate the various lines of differentiation present in the normal gland. Objective.—To develop an algorithmic approach to the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms that simplifies their pathologic evaluation. Data Sources.—We reviewed literature related to the classification of pancreatic neoplasms on the basis of their gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical features. Conclusions.—By using a series of dichotomous decisions, the differential diagnosis of a pancreatic neoplasm can be narrowed, and in cases of the more common neoplasms, accurate classification can be achieved. Uncommon neoplasms not accounted for by this approach are also discussed, and the additional diagnostic information needed for complete pathologic reporting is presented.

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W Miller ◽  
Adam Schiffenbauer
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), also known as myositis syndromes, are a collection of heterogeneous disorders that share the common feature of chronic muscle inflammation of unknown cause. These disorders may occur in adults or children and are sometimes associated with other connective tissue disorders and a variety of cancers. A combined clinical, laboratory, and pathologic evaluation is needed to establish the diagnosis of these acquired systemic connective tissue diseases to rule out the many disorders that mimic IIMs. This module reviews the classification of IIMs, including polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, myositis associated with other connective tissue diseases and cancer, and antisynthetase syndrome. The epidemiology; etiology, genetics, and environmental factors; pathophysiology and pathogenesis; diagnosis; differential diagnosis; treatment; and prognosis of IIMs are discussed. Tables describe the criteria for polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis; well-characterized subgroups of the IIMs in adults and children; presentation of polymyositis; differential diagnosis of muscle weakness or pain; features that assist in discriminating IIMs from other myopathies; goals for managing IIMs; and key factors for achieving adequate corticosteroid response in IIMs. Figures demonstrate skin findings in IIMs, muscle pathology of IIMs, magnetic resonance imaging of three patients with different IIMs, and treatment approaches to the management of myositis patients. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, and 80 references.

“Saber-Sheath” Trachea

1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Callan ◽  
Eugene J. Karandy ◽  
Raymond L. Hilsinger
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Structural Disorder ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Lateral Compression ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Narrowing of the intrathoracic trachea in the coronal plane with anteroposterior lengthening is characteristic of the saber-sheath trachea deformity. This structural disorder is strongly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and may be related to chronic bronchitis. Although lateral compression suggests weakening and collapse, the supporting tracheal cartilage is usually thickened and densely calcified. We present a patient who was discharged after uneventful total laryngectomy but later complained of increasing airway obstruction from crusted secretions, resulting in visits to the emergency room and admission to the hospital. After the diagnosis was made by computed tomography, tracheal dilation was performed with some improvement. The diagnostic findings of the saber-sheath trachea, differential diagnosis, possible causes, and clinical implications are discussed.

The analysis of mirror pattern bands synthesized in patients with neurological disorder during Oligoclonal immunoglobulin isoelectric focusing electrophoresis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ling Wang ◽  
peichang wang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immunofixation Electrophoresis ◽  
Special Examination

Abstract Background The analysis of oligoclonal band (OCB) of cerebrospinal fluid is of vital importance for the clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis of neurological disease. However, there still exists limited knowledge about the interpretation of the mirror pattern bands (one of OCB results) for the neurological disorders during the clinal courses. In this study, we thoroughly analyzed the 12 patients with mirror pattern bands combined with laboratory and clinical information in order to explore the clinical implications of mirror bands as much as possible. Methods Matched CSF and serum specimens were obtained from 5892 patients with various neurological disorders who were required to lumber puncture for OCB analysis over the past four years in the Neurological Special Examination Laboratory of XuanWu Hospital. A total of 12 patients with mirror pattern bands were screened out from the 5892 patients. Serum immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) was then performed on the 12 patients respectively in order to tentatively explore the correlation with M protein. We also collected the clinical and laboratory information of the 12 patients in great detail. Results All three types of mirror patterns are closely connected with M protein from peripheral serum. However, not all patients with the mirror patterns present positive M protein. 7 out of 12 patients (58.3%) were finally diagnosed as blood system-related diseases. None of the 12 patients were diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Conclusions Great emphasis should be taken on the mirror pattern bands during the isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF). The mirror pattern bands combined with the result of M protein will greatly contributes to the differential diagnosis of neurological disorder.

Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W Miller ◽  
Adam Schiffenbauer
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Inclusion Body Myositis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), also known as myositis syndromes, are a collection of heterogeneous disorders that share the common feature of chronic muscle inflammation of unknown cause. These disorders may occur in adults or children and are sometimes associated with other connective tissue disorders and a variety of cancers. A combined clinical, laboratory, and pathologic evaluation is needed to establish the diagnosis of these acquired systemic connective tissue diseases to rule out the many disorders that mimic IIMs. This module reviews the classification of IIMs, including polymyositis, dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, myositis associated with other connective tissue diseases and cancer, and antisynthetase syndrome. The epidemiology; etiology, genetics, and environmental factors; pathophysiology and pathogenesis; diagnosis; differential diagnosis; treatment; and prognosis of IIMs are discussed. Tables describe the criteria for polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis; well-characterized subgroups of the IIMs in adults and children; presentation of polymyositis; differential diagnosis of muscle weakness or pain; features that assist in discriminating IIMs from other myopathies; goals for managing IIMs; and key factors for achieving adequate corticosteroid response in IIMs. Figures demonstrate skin findings in IIMs, muscle pathology of IIMs, magnetic resonance imaging of three patients with different IIMs, and treatment approaches to the management of myositis patients. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, and 80 references.

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