Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) and poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs): concepts, issues and a practical diagnostic approach to high-grade (G3) cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aatur D Singhi ◽  
David S Klimstra
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Classification and pathology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S1-S16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Klöppel
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumour ◽  
Tnm Stage ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are composed of cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype. The old and the new WHO classifications distinguish between well-differentiated and poorly differentiated neoplasms. All well-differentiated neoplasms, regardless of whether they behave benignly or develop metastases, will be called neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), and graded G1 (Ki67 <2%) or G2 (Ki67 2–20%). All poorly differentiated neoplasms will be termed neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and graded G3 (Ki67 >20%). To stratify the GEP-NETs and GEP-NECs regarding their prognosis, they are now further classified according to TNM-stage systems that were recently proposed by the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) and the AJCC/UICC. In the light of these criteria the pathology and biology of the various NETs and NECs of the gastrointestinal tract (including the oesophagus) and the pancreas are reviewed.

CDX2 Is a Useful Marker of Intestinal-Type Differentiation: A Tissue Microarray–Based Study of 629 Tumors From Various Sites

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey B. De Lott ◽  
Carl Morrison ◽  
Saul Suster ◽  
David E. Cohn ◽  
Wendy L. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Signet Ring Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Intestinal Type ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinomas ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinomas ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Abstract Context.—CDX2, a critical nuclear transcription factor for intestinal development, is expressed in intestinal epithelium and adenocarcinomas. Objectives.—To determine if CDX2 is a useful marker for intestinal-type differentiation and to correlate tumor histology with CDX2 staining in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Design.—Tissue microarrays from 71 colorectal adenocarcinomas, 31 hepatocellular carcinomas, 47 lung adenocarcinomas, 55 squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, 69 neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung and 43 of the pancreas, 57 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and 256 endometrial adenocarcinomas were stained with antibody against CDX2. Results.—CDX2 staining was positive in 51 (71.8%) of 71 colorectal cancers, including 38 (74.5%) of 51 well- or moderately differentiated tumors and 13 (65.0%) of 20 high-grade tumors. Of the high-grade tumors, 5 (71.4%) of 7 mucinous, 3 (100%) of 3 signet ring cell, and 5 (50.0%) of 10 poorly differentiated tumors were positive. Other tumors showing occasional CDX2 staining included 1 of 30 well- or moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung and 2 of 43 from the pancreas, 1 of 47 lung adenocarcinomas, 3 of 57 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and 15 of 256 endometrial carcinomas. Hepatocellular, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung were not immunoreactive for CDX2. Conclusions.—CDX2 is a useful marker for intestinal-type differentiation, is rarely seen in tumors from the other sites evaluated, and may be useful in determining the site of origin for some metastatic tumors. However, CDX2 is not a sensitive marker for poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma.

CT differentiation of poorly-differentiated gastric neuroendocrine tumours from well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours and gastric adenocarcinomas

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1946-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Ho Kim ◽  
Se Hyung Kim ◽  
Min-A Kim ◽  
Cheong-il Shin ◽  
Joon Koo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Gastric Adenocarcinomas ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

scholarly journals Endocrine Tumours: Epidemiology of malignant digestive neuroendocrine tumours

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. R77-R83 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lepage ◽  
A M Bouvier ◽  
J Faivre
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Small Hospital ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Digestive Cancers ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

Little is known about patients with malignant digestive neuroendocrine tumours (MD-NETs). Although their incidence is increasing, MD-NETs remain a rare cancer, representing 1% of digestive cancers. Most MD-NETs are well-differentiated. MD-NET poorly differentiated carcinomas account for 20% of cases on average. Anatomical localisation of MD-NETs varied according to geographic region. Stage at diagnosis and prognosis for patients with MD-NETs in the general population are considerably worse than often reported from small hospital case series. Prognosis varies with tumour differentiation, anatomic site and histological subtype. There are significant differences in survival from MD-NETs among European countries, independent of other prognostic factors. Early diagnosis is difficult; new therapeutic options appear to represent the best approach to improving prognosis.

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