The Home and the World: New Directions in the History of the Family in South Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Leigh Denault
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The Disputed Middle Ground: Tibetan Mādhyamikas on How to Interpret Nāgārjuna and Candrakīrti

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
John Powers
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Broad Consensus

By the twelfth century, a broad consensus had developed among Tibetan Buddhists: The Middle Way School (Madhyamaka) of Nāgārjuna (c. 2nd century), as interpreted by Candrakīrti (c. 600–650), would be normative in Tibet. However, Tibetans had inherited various trajectories of commentary on Madhyamaka, and schools of thought developed, each with a particular reading. This article will examine some of the major competing philosophical stances, focusing on three figures who represent particularly compelling interpretations, but whose understandings of Madhyamaka are profoundly divergent: Daktsang Sherap Rinchen (1405–1477), Wangchuk Dorjé, the 9th Karmapa (1556–1603), and Purchok Ngawang Jampa (1682–1762). The former two contend that Nāgārjuna’s statement “I have no thesis” (nāsti ca mama pratijñā) means exactly what it says, while the latter advocates what could be termed an “anthropological” approach: Mādhyamikas, when speaking as Mādhyamikas, only report what “the world” says, without taking any stance of their own; but their understanding of Buddhism is based on insight gained through intensive meditation training. This article will focus on how these three philosophers figure in the history of Tibetan Madhyamaka exegesis and how their respective readings of Indic texts incorporate elements of previous work while moving interpretation in new directions.

scholarly journals Renouncing the World and Taking Ordination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2021/1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Teleki
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Written Sources

The 20th century brought different periods in the history of Mongolia including theocracy, socialism and democracy. This article describes what renouncing the world (especially the home and the family), taking ordination, and taking monastic vows meant at the turn of the 20th century and a century later. Extracts from interviews reveal the life of pre-novices, illustrating their family backgrounds, connections with family members after ordination, and support from and towards the family. The master-disciple relationship which was of great significance in Vajrayāna tradition, is also described. As few written sources are available to study monks’ family ties, the research was based on interviews recorded with old monks who lived in monasteries in their childhood (prior to 1937), monks who were ordained in 1990, and pre-novices of the current Tantric monastic school of Gandantegčenlin Monastery. The interviews revealed similarities and differences in monastic life in given periods due to historical reasons. Though Buddhism could not attain its previous, absolutely dominant role in Mongolia after the democratic changes, nowadays tradition and innovation exist in parallel.

scholarly journals New perspectives on the evolution of the genus Typhlatya (Crustacea, Decapoda): first record of a cavernicolous atyid in the Iberian Peninsula, Typhlatya miravetensis n. sp.

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Sebastián Sanz ◽  
Dirk Platvoet
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
A New Species

On several occasions, shrimps belonging to a new species of the genus Typhlatya were collected in a cave in the province of Castellón, Spain. This is the first record of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula. The species is described and the validity, distribution, and zoogeography of the genus, as well as the status of the genus Spelaeocaris, are discussed. Former models for the evolution of the genus Typhlatya and its genus group are reviewed, as well as the system of inner classification of the Atyidae and its biogeographical meaning. For the age and evolution of the genus we developed a new model based on vicariance principles that involves further evolution of each species after the disruption of the ancestral range. This allows new estimations for the age of the genus. Accordingly, we suppose that other proposals, such as recent dispersal through the sea, should be disregarded for this genus. The evolutionary development of this species is discussed in the context of the geological history of the area and the world distribution of the genus, the genus group, and the family.

Wedge-tailed Eagle

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Chick Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rock Paintings ◽  
Large Predators

Australia’s Wedge-tailed Eagle belongs to the family of eagles, which together span the world. Eagles are powerful predators, with exceptional powers of flight and sight. They may kill to survive, but they also sleep, play, enjoy a bath, make tender parents, and form lasting relationships. This book gives a comprehensive overview of Australia’s largest true eagle and one of the country’s few large predators and scavengers. First appearing in Aboriginal rock-paintings more than 5000 years ago, the Wedge-tailed Eagle was little more than a curiosity to the early European settlers. The book traces the subsequent changes in perception—from its branding as a vicious sheep killer to an iconic species worthy of conservation—and covers distribution, habitat, hunting, relationships, reproduction and chick development. A final section deals with threats to the existence of this magnificent bird. Winner of the 2006 Whitley Award for Best Natural History of an Iconic Species.

scholarly journals Evolution and taxonomy of nematode-associated entomopathogenic bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus: an overview

Symbiosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sajnaga ◽  
Waldemar Kazimierczak
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Entomopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Insecticidal Toxins ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phylogenetic Origin ◽  
Animal Hosts

AbstractEntomopathogenic bacteria from the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus are closely related Gram-negative bacilli from the family Enterobacteriaceae (γ-Proteobacteria). They establish obligate mutualistic associations with soil nematodes from the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis to facilitate insect pathogenesis. The research of these two bacterial genera is focused mainly on their unique interactions with two different animal hosts, i.e. nematodes and insects. So far, studies of the mutualistic bacteria of nematodes collected from around the world have contributed to an increase in the number of the described Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species. Recently, the classification system of entomopatogenic nematode microsymbionts has undergone profound revision and now 26 species of the genus Xenorhabdus and 19 species of the genus Photorhabdus have been identified. Despite their similar life style and close phylogenetic origin, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacterial species differ significantly in e.g. the nematode host range, symbiotic strategies for parasite success, and arrays of released antibiotics and insecticidal toxins. As the knowledge of the diversity of entomopathogenic nematode microsymbionts helps to enable the use thereof, assessment of the phylogenetic relationships of these astounding bacterial genera is now a major challenge for researchers. The present article summarizes the main information on the taxonomy and evolutionary history of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, entomopathogenic nematode symbionts.

7. Institutions and States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Weak States ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regular Patterns

This chapter deals with institutions and states. Institutions are essentially regular patterns of behaviour that provide stability and predictability to social life. Some institutions are informal, with no formally laid down rules such as the family, social classes, and kinship groups. Others are more formalized, having codified rules and organization. Examples include governments, parties, bureaucracies, legislatures, constitutions, and law courts. The state is defined as sovereign, with institutions that are public. After discussing the concept of institutions and the range of factors that structure political behaviour, the chapter considers the multi-faceted concept of the state. It then looks at the history of how the European type of state and the European state system spread around the world between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. It also examines the modern state and some of the differences between strong states, weak states, and democratic states.

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Medicine

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Global History ◽  
Current State ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Traditions

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Medicine celebrates the richness and variety of medical history around the world. In recent decades, the history of medicine has emerged as a rich and mature sub-discipline within history, but the strength of the field has not precluded vigorous debates about methods, themes, and sources. Bringing together over thirty international scholars, this book provides a constructive overview of the current state of these debates, and offers new directions for future scholarship. There are three sections: the first explores the methodological challenges and historiographical debates generated by working in particular historical ages; the second explores the history of medicine in specific regions of the world and their medical traditions, and includes discussion of the ‘global history of medicine’; the final section analyses, from broad chronological and geographical perspectives, both established and emerging historical themes and methodological debates in the history of medicine.

Human Creation and the Role of the Family

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Isahak Poghosyan ◽  
Tatul Manaseryan ◽  
Laura Aghajanyan
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Human History ◽  
Single Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Absolute

The purpose of the article is to show that the most honest crystallisation of piety and humanity is creation. At the same time, the history of creation shows that the Creator created the world as a single family, the centre of which is man. The Christianity accepts sin as a reality, as an existing inconsistency between man and God. According to this, sin is as a product of human society's behaviour and morals or as a kind of disease. The enormous references in ecclesiastical bibliography, in addition to their unique goals, are designed to reflect on the need to be aware of the mystery of creation, to rediscover the vital connection between the absolute and the moral, and to guarantee the historical memory. In this article Human creation and the role of the family authors see as aspects of Theological theory in Bioinformatics for Human history

8. Institutions and States

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-184
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Weak States ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regular Patterns

This chapter deals with institutions and states. Institutions are essentially regular patterns of behaviour that provide stability and predictability to social life. Some institutions are informal, with no formally laid down rules such as the family, social classes, and kinship groups. Others are more formalized, having codified rules and organization. Examples include governments, parties, bureaucracies, legislatures, constitutions, and law courts. The state is defined as sovereign, with institutions that are public. After discussing the concept of institutions and the range of factors that structure political behaviour, the chapter considers the multi-faceted concept of the state. It then looks at the history of how the European type of state and the European state system spread around the world between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. It also examines the modern state and some of the differences between strong states, weak states, and democratic states.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document