Modeling Transient Streaming Potentials in Falling-Head Permeameter Tests

Ground Water ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bwalya Malama ◽  
André Revil
Keyword(s):  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Permeameter Tests

scholarly journals The strain-generated electrical potential in cartilaginous tissues: a role for piezoelectricity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Philip Poillot ◽  
Christine L. Le Maitre ◽  
Jacques M. Huyghe
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissues ◽  
Electrical Potentials

AbstractThe strain-generated potential (SGP) is a well-established mechanism in cartilaginous tissues whereby mechanical forces generate electrical potentials. In articular cartilage (AC) and the intervertebral disc (IVD), studies on the SGP have focused on fluid- and ionic-driven effects, namely Donnan, diffusion and streaming potentials. However, recent evidence has indicated a direct coupling between strain and electrical potential. Piezoelectricity is one such mechanism whereby deformation of most biological structures, like collagen, can directly generate an electrical potential. In this review, the SGP in AC and the IVD will be revisited in light of piezoelectricity and mechanotransduction. While the evidence base for physiologically significant piezoelectric responses in tissue is lacking, difficulties in quantifying the physiological response and imperfect measurement techniques may have underestimated the property. Hindering our understanding of the SGP further, numerical models to-date have negated ferroelectric effects in the SGP and have utilised classic Donnan theory that, as evidence argues, may be oversimplified. Moreover, changes in the SGP with degeneration due to an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) indicate that the significance of ionic-driven mechanisms may diminish relative to the piezoelectric response. The SGP, and these mechanisms behind it, are finally discussed in relation to the cell response.

scholarly journals Pseudo-streaming potentials in Necturus gallbladder epithelium. II. The mechanism is a junctional diffusion potential.

1992 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Reuss ◽  
B Simon ◽  
C U Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Bathing Solution ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Osmotic Water ◽  
Lateral Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Transepithelial Voltage ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Good Agreement

The mechanisms of apparent streaming potentials elicited across Necturus gallbladder epithelium by addition or removal of sucrose from the apical bathing solution were studied by assessing the time courses of: (a) the change in transepithelial voltage (Vms). (b) the change in osmolality at the cell surface (estimated with a tetrabutylammonium [TBA+]-selective microelectrode, using TBA+ as a tracer for sucrose), and (c) the change in cell impermeant solute concentration ([TMA+]i, measured with an intracellular double-barrel TMA(+)-selective microelectrode after loading the cells with TMA+ by transient permeabilization with nystatin). For both sucrose addition and removal, the time courses of Vms were the same as the time courses of the voltage signals produced by [TMA+]i, while the time courses of the voltage signals produced by [TBA+]o were much faster. These results suggest that the apparent streaming potentials are caused by changes of [NaCl] in the lateral intercellular spaces, whose time course reflects the changes in cell water volume (and osmolality) elicited by the alterations in apical solution osmolality. Changes in cell osmolality are slow relative to those of the apical solution osmolality, whereas lateral space osmolality follows cell osmolality rapidly, due to the large surface area of lateral membranes and the small volume of the spaces. Analysis of a simple mathematical model of the epithelium yields an apical membrane Lp in good agreement with previous measurements and suggests that elevations of the apical solution osmolality elicit rapid reductions in junctional ionic selectivity, also in good agreement with experimental determinations. Elevations in apical solution [NaCl] cause biphasic transepithelial voltage changes: a rapid negative Vms change of similar time course to that of a Na+/TBA+ bi-ionic potential and a slow positive Vms change of similar time course to that of the sucrose-induced apparent streaming potential. We conclude that the Vms changes elicited by addition of impermeant solute to the apical bathing solution are pseudo-streaming potentials, i.e., junctional diffusion potentials caused by salt concentration changes in the lateral intercellular spaces secondary to osmotic water flow from the cells to the apical bathing solution and from the lateral intercellular spaces to the cells. Our results do not support the notion of junctional solute-solvent coupling during transepithelial osmotic water flow.

Oscillatory Compressional Behavior of Articular Cartilage and Its Associated Electromechanical Properties

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Lee ◽  
E. H. Frank ◽  
A. J. Grodzinsky ◽  
D. K. Roylance
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Usual Sense ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Confined Compression ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Compressive Stiffness

The compressive stiffness of articular cartilage was examined in oscillatory confined compression over a wide frequency range including high frequencies relevant to impact loading. Nonlinear behavior was found when the imposed sinusoidal compression amplitude exceeded a threshold value that depended on frequency. Linear behavior was attained only by suitable control of the compression amplitude. This was enabled by real time Fourier analysis of data which provided an accurate assessment of the extent of nonlinearity. For linear viscoelastic behavior, a stiffness could be defined in the usual sense. The dependence of the stiffness on ionic strength and proteoglycan content showed that electrostatic forces between matrix charge groups contribute significantly to cartilage’s compressive stiffness over the 0.001 to 20 Hz frequency range. Sinusoidal streaming potentials were also generated by oscillatory compression. A theory relating the streaming potential field to the fluid velocity field is derived and used to interpret the data. The observed magnitude of the streaming potential suggests that interstitial fluid flow is significant to cartilage behavior over the entire frequency range. The use of simultaneous streaming potential and stiffness data with an appropriate theory appears to be an important tool for assessing the relative contribution of fluid flow, intrinsic matrix viscoelasticity, or other molecular mechanisms to energy dissipation in cartilage. This method is applicable in general to hydrated, charged polymers.

scholarly journals ELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA

1931 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Abramson ◽  
E. B. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Electrokinetic Phenomena ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
The Difference

1. The conditions are described which are necessary for the comparison of certain types of electrokinetic potentials. An experimental comparison is made of (a) electrophoresis of quartz particles covered with egg albumin; and (b) similar experiments by Briggs on streaming potentials. A slight, consistent, difference is found between the electrophoretic potential and the streaming potential. This difference is probably due to the difference in the protein preparations used rather than to real difference in the electrophoretic and streaming potentials. 2. Data are given which facilitate the measurements and enhance the precision of the estimation of electrical mobilities of microscopic particles.

ELECTRO-OSMOSIS, WITH SOME APPLICATIONS TO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dainty ◽  
P. C. Croghan ◽  
D. S. Fensom
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽  
Osmotic Pump ◽  
Biological Cell ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
Electrokinetic Phenomena ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Electro Osmosis

General expressions for electrokinetic phenomena of relevance in biology are derived using the methods of irreversible thermodynamics and Onsager coefficients, not only for a Helmholtz-Smoluchowski model but also for a factional model and the model of Schmid. These last two models would seem to be more appropriate for biological cell membranes.Some applications of these expressions to plant physiology include the following: the pressure contribution of electro-osmosis to the turgor of Nitella or Chara cells is found to be negligible; the power used by an electro-osmotic pump can never be less than that used by a pressure mechanism; electro-osmosis may account for the present discrepancies between calculations of membrane conductance using tracer ions fluxes and those using applied potential differences; the streaming potentials developed by pressures across biological membranes would be too small to detect, but in large pores such as xylem or phloem vessels or in cell walls small pressures would result in easily measured potentials.

An electrical method of measuring non-electrolyte permeability

1969 ◽  
Vol 172 (1028) ◽  
pp. 203-225 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Electrical Method ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Unstirred Layers ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Tracer Methods

A rapid procedure based on that of Smyth & Wright (1966) is described for obtaining a measure of the permeability of rabbit gall-bladder epithelium to non-electrolytes. The underlying principles are that concentration gradients of permeant molecules produce lower rates of osmotic flow across a membrane than does the same gradient of an impermeant molecule, and that streaming potentials in the gall-bladder are directly proportional to the flow rate. Hence reflexion coefficients (cr’s) were calculated as the ratio of the streaming potential produced by a 0* 1 m gradient of the test solute to the streaming potential produced by a 0T m gradient of an impermeant reference solute, sucrose. The method yields results in agreement with those obtained in the gall-bladder by a zero-flow procedure. In general, the patterns of permeation derived are similar to those obtained in other tissues by the same procedure, by other osmotic procedures, or by direct chemical or tracer methods. The advantages of the method are that (a) large numbers of cr’s can be determined in one experiment with an average standard deviation of ± 8 % ; and (b) the minimum elapsed time between the preparation of a solution and the determination of or is about 90 s, so that cr’s may be obtained for some non-electrolytes subject to gradual chemical transformation in aqueous solution, such as aldehydes. The principles underlying osmotic methods of measuring permeability, and the effects of unstirred layers, are discussed.

Tooth Movement

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeev Davidovitch
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
New Findings

This article reviews the evolution of concepts regarding the biological foundation of force-induced tooth movement. Nineteenth century hypotheses proposed two mechanisms: application of pressure and tension to the periodontal ligament (PDL), and bending of the alveolar bone. Histologic investigations in the early and middle years of the 20th century revealed that both phenomena actually occur concomitantly, and that cells, as well as extracellular components of the PDL and alveolar bone, participate in the response to applied mechanical forces, which ultimately results in remodeling activities. Experiments with isolated cells in culture demonstrated that shape distortion might lead to cellular activation, either by opening plasma membrane ion channels, or by crystallizing cytoskeletal filaments. Mechanical distortion of collagenous matrices, mineralized or non-mineralized, may, on the other hand, evoke the development of bioelectric phenomena (stress-generated potentials and streaming potentials) that are capable of stimulating cells by altering the electric charge on their membrane or their fluid envelope. In intact animals, mechanical perturbations on the order of about 1 min/d are apparently sufficient to cause profound osteogenic responses, perhaps due to matrix proteoglycan-related "strain memory". Enzymatically isolated human PDL cells respond biochemically to mechanical and chemical signals. The latter include endocrines, autocrines, and paracrines. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies showed that during the early places of tooth movement, PDL fluids are shifted, and cells and matrix are distorted. Vasoactive neurotransmitters are released from periodontal nerve terminals, causing leukocytes to migrate out of adjacent capillaries. Cytokines and growth factors are secreted by these cells, stimulating PDL cells and alveolar bone lining cells to remodel their related matrices. This remodeling activity facilitates movement of teeth into areas in which bone had been resorbed. This emerging information suggests that in the living mammal, many cell types are involved in the biological response to applied mechanical stress to teeth, and thereby to bone. Essentially, cells of the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems become involved in the activation and response of PDL and alveolar bone cells to applied stresses. This fact implies that research in the area of the biological response to force application to teeth should be sufficiently broad to include explorations of possible associations between physical, cellular, and molecular phenomena. The goals of this investigative field should continue to expound on fundamental principles, particularly on extrapolating new findings to the clinical environment, where millions of patients are subjected annually to applications of mechanical forces to their teeth for long periods of time in an effort to improve their position in the oral cavity. Recently developed research tools such as cell culture techniques and immunologic probes, are the best hope for enhancing this development.

Advances and benefits of fractal models to predict streaming potentials in partially saturated porous media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Jougnot ◽  
Luong Duy Thanh ◽  
Mariangeles Soldi ◽  
Jan Vinogradov ◽  
Luis Guarracino
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Excess Charge ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Fractal Models ◽  
Partially Saturated Porous Media

<p>Understanding streaming potential generation in porous media is of high interest for hydrological and reservoir studies as it allows to relate water fluxes to measurable electrical potential distributions in subsurface geological settings. The evolution of streaming potential <span>stems</span> from electrokinetic coupling between water and electrical fluxes due to the presence of an electrical double layer at the interface between the mineral and the pore water. Two different approaches can be used to model and interpret the generation of the streaming potential in porous media: the classical coupling coefficient approach based on the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation, and the effective excess charge density. Recent studies based on both approaches use a mathematical up-scaling procedure that employs the so-called fractal theory. In these studies, the porous medium is represented by a bundle of tortuous capillaries characterized by a fractal capillary-size distribution law. The electrokinetic coupling between the fluid flow and electric current is obtained by averaging the processes that take place in a single capillary. In most cases, closed-form expressions for the electrokinetic parameters are obtained in terms of macroscopic hydraulic variables like permeability, saturation and porosity. In this presentation we propose a review of the existing fractal distribution models that predict the streaming potential in porous media and discuss their benefits compared against other published models.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document