scholarly journals Human mediator MED17 subunit plays essential roles in gene regulation by associating with the transcription and DNA repair machineries

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Kikuchi ◽  
Hiroyasu Umemura ◽  
Saori Nishitani ◽  
Satoshi Iida ◽  
Rikiya Fukasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gene Regulation

The ArabidopsisRAD51paralogsRAD51B,RAD51DandXRCC2play partially redundant roles in somatic DNA repair and gene regulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxiang Wang ◽  
Rong Xiao ◽  
Haifeng Wang ◽  
Zhihao Cheng ◽  
Wuxing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gene Regulation

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Nucleosome Reorganization by PARP1

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12127
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Maluchenko ◽  
Dmitry K. Nilov ◽  
Sergey V. Pushkarev ◽  
Elena Y. Kotova ◽  
Nadezhda S. Gerasimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Histone H1 ◽  
Linker Histone ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Linker Histone H1 ◽  
Nucleosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Ends

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is an enzyme involved in DNA repair, chromatin organization and transcription. During transcription initiation, PARP1 interacts with gene promoters where it binds to nucleosomes, replaces linker histone H1 and participates in gene regulation. However, the mechanisms of PARP1-nucleosome interaction remain unknown. Here, using spFRET microscopy, molecular dynamics and biochemical approaches we identified several different PARP1-nucleosome complexes and two types of PARP1 binding to mononucleosomes: at DNA ends and end-independent. Two or three molecules of PARP1 can bind to a nucleosome depending on the presence of linker DNA and can induce reorganization of the entire nucleosome that is independent of catalytic activity of PARP1. Nucleosome reorganization depends upon binding of PARP1 to nucleosomal DNA, likely near the binding site of linker histone H1. The data suggest that PARP1 can induce the formation of an alternative nucleosome state that is likely involved in gene regulation and DNA repair.

The Theoretical Basis of Transcriptional Therapy of Cancer: Can It Be Put Into Practice?

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 3957-3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari M. Melnick ◽  
Kerin Adelson ◽  
Jonathan D. Licht
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Epigenetic Silencing ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
Aberrant Gene

Aberrant gene silencing is a frequent event in cancer and plays a critical role in the molecular pathogenesis of malignant transformation. The two major mechanisms of silencing in cancer include transcriptional repression by mutated or aberrantly expressed transcription factors, and aberrant epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation of tumor suppressor or DNA repair–related genes. Both of these mechanisms require the activities of multiprotein chromatin remodeling and modifying machines, several of which may be mutated in cancer. The end result is genetic reprogramming of cells to express combinations of genes that confer the neoplastic phenotype. Recent discoveries in transcriptional biochemistry and gene regulation indicate that therapeutic agents can be engineered to specifically target these mechanisms. We provide a framework for the clinical or translational scientist to consider how such drugs might be developed and what their impact might be on restoring cells to normal genetic programming.

scholarly journals HMGB Proteins from Yeast to Human. Gene Regulation, DNA Repair and Beyond

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vizoso-Vázquez Ángel ◽  
Barreiro-Alonso Aida ◽  
Rico-Díaz Agustín ◽  
Lamas-Maceiras Mónica ◽  
Rodríguez-Belmonte Esther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
Hmgb Proteins

scholarly journals The ins and outs of FoxO shuttling: mechanisms of FoxO translocation and transcriptional regulation

2004 ◽  
Vol 380 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars P. van der HEIDE ◽  
Marco F. M. HOEKMAN ◽  
Marten P. SMIDT
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Forkhead Box

FoxO (forkhead box O; forkhead members of the O class) are transcription factors that function under the control of insulin/insulin-like signalling. FoxO factors have been associated with a multitude of biological processes, including cell-cycle, cell death, DNA repair, metabolism and protection from oxidative stress. Central to the regulation of FoxO factors is a shuttling system, which confines FoxO factors to either the nucleus or the cytosol. Shuttling of FoxO requires protein phosphorylation within several domains, and association with 14-3-3 proteins and the nuclear transport machinery. Description of the FoxO-shuttling mechanism contributes to the understanding of FoxO function in relation to signalling and gene regulation.

scholarly journals TET1 modulates H4K16 acetylation by controlling auto-acetylation of hMOF to affect gene regulation and DNA repair function

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianing Zhong ◽  
Xianfeng Li ◽  
Wanshi Cai ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Shanshan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
H4k16 Acetylation

scholarly journals Bacteria “Read” Light To Gain a Competitive Advantage

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Lubner
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Repair Gene ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Dna Repair Gene ◽  
Biological Organisms

ABSTRACT Photosynthesis, the process of converting solar energy into stored chemical bonds, represents the primary mechanism by which biological organisms utilize photons. Light can also be used to activate a number of photosensory compounds and proteins designed to carry out tasks, such as DNA repair, gene regulation, and synchronization with the diurnal cycle. Given that sunlight is incident upon many environments, it is not farfetched to think that life may have evolved other as-yet-undetected mechanisms to profit from solar irradiation. In this issue, Maresca and coworkers detail their observations of light-enhanced growth of several nonphotosynthetic actinobacteria, as well as describe the potential photosensitizer responsible for this phenotype and discuss the regulatory networks involved (J. A. Maresca, J. L. Keffer, P. P. Hempel, S. W. Polson, et al., J Bacteriol 201:e00740-18, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00740-18). This study opens the door to many intriguing questions about the use of light as information in nonphotosynthetic biological systems.

scholarly journals Cohesin: a critical chromatin organizer in mammalian gene regulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Chien ◽  
Weihua Zeng ◽  
Alexander R. Ball ◽  
Kyoko Yokomori
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Chromatin Organization ◽  
Genome Integrity ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Functional Hierarchy

Cohesins are evolutionarily conserved essential multi-protein complexes that are important for higher-order chromatin organization. They play pivotal roles in the maintenance of genome integrity through mitotic chromosome regulation, DNA repair and replication, as well as gene regulation critical for proper development and cellular differentiation. In this review, we will discuss the multifaceted functions of mammalian cohesins and their apparent functional hierarchy in the cell, with particular focus on their actions in gene regulation and their relevance to human developmental disorders.

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