Exercise training increases skeletal muscle strength independent of hypertrophy in older adults aged 75 years and older

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojun Lee ◽  
In-Gyu Kim ◽  
Changsu Sung ◽  
Tae-Bong Jeon ◽  
Kibum Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Strength

scholarly journals Combined Training Enhances Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity Independent of Age

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1654-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Irving ◽  
Ian R. Lanza ◽  
Gregory C. Henderson ◽  
Rajesh R. Rao ◽  
Bruce M. Spiegelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteins ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Strength

Context: Skeletal muscle from sedentary older adults exhibits reduced mitochondrial abundance and oxidative capacity. Objective: The primary objective was to determine whether 8 weeks of combined training (CT) has a more robust effect than endurance training (ET) or resistance training (RT) on mitochondrial physiology in healthy young (18–30 years) and older (≥65 years) adults. Intervention: Thirty-four young and 31 older adults were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of ET, RT, and control/CT. Control subjects completed 8 weeks of no exercise (control) followed by 8 weeks of CT. Body composition, skeletal muscle strength, and peak oxygen uptake were measured before and after the intervention. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were obtained before and 48 hours after the intervention. Mitochondrial physiology was evaluated by high-resolution respirometry and expression of mitochondrial proteins and transcription factors by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Results: ET and CT significantly increased oxidative capacity and expression of mitochondrial proteins and transcription factors. All training modalities improved body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and skeletal muscle strength. CT induced the most robust improvements in mitochondria-related outcomes and physical characteristics despite lower training volumes for the ET and RT components. Importantly, most of the adaptations to training occurred independent of age. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that both ET and CT increase muscle mitochondrial abundance and capacity although CT induced the most robust improvements in the outcomes measured. In conclusion, CT provides a robust exercise regimen to improve muscle mitochondrial outcomes and physical characteristics independent of age.

scholarly journals The Loss of Skeletal Muscle Strength, Mass, and Quality in Older Adults: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Goodpaster ◽  
S. W. Park ◽  
T. B. Harris ◽  
S. B. Kritchevsky ◽  
M. Nevitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Composition Study ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Strength

scholarly journals Establishment of the Prediction Equations of 1RM Skeletal Muscle Strength in 60- to 75-Year-Old Chinese Men and Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijie Tan ◽  
Jianxiong Wang ◽  
Shanshan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
The One ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Strength

The purpose of this study was to establish the one-repetition maximum (1RM) prediction equations of a biceps curl, bench press, and squat from the submaximal skeletal muscle strength of 4–10RM or 11–15RM in older adults. The first group of 109 participants aged 60–75 years was recruited to measure their 1RM, 4–10RM, and 11–15RM of the three exercises. The 1RM prediction equations were developed by multiple regression analyses. A second group of participants with similar physical characteristics to the first group was used to evaluate the equations. The actual measured 1RM of the second group correlated significantly to the predicted 1RM obtained from the equations (r values were from .633–.985), and standard error of estimate ranged from 1.08–5.88. Therefore, the equations can be used to predict 1RM from submaximal skeletal muscle strength accurately for older adults.

scholarly journals Measuring skeletal muscle strength and endurance, from bench to bedside

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Saey ◽  
Thierry Troosters
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Muscle Dysfunction ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Strength

Peripheral muscle dysfunction is a recognized and important systemic consequence of many chronic diseases. Peripheral muscle weakness is associated with excess utilization of health care recourses, morbidity and /or mortality in patients with COPD, congestive heart failure, liver and frail elderly. In the latter group, muscle weakness was associated with significant increase in falling and falling related injury. Exercise training does enhance skeletal muscle function and exercise performance. In addition, patients who start a training program with impaired skeletal muscle function may be more likely to respond adequately to an exercise training program. It is beyond the scope of the present review to discuss in detail the factors that may contribute to muscle dysfunction in chronic conditions. Clearly, muscle weakness is multi-factorial. Factors associated with skeletal muscle force are general factors (such as age, body weight, sex), disease related factors (such as inactivity) and disease specific factors (for example in COPD drug treatment, i.e. corticosteroid treatment, inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxia have been shown to contribute to muscle dysfunction). This review will focus on the different ways to assess skeletal muscle function in patients with chronic disease. More specifically, techniques to assess skeletal muscle strength, skeletal muscle endurance and skeletal muscle fatigue will be discussed. For the American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM) not only muscle strength but also muscle endurance are health- related fitness components. Loss in one of these muscle characteristics results in impaired muscle. Muscle function tests are very specific to the muscle group tested, the type of contraction, the velocity of muscle motion, the type of equipment and the joint range of motion. Results of any test are specific to the procedures used. Individuals should participate in familiarization sessions with the equipment, and adhere to a specific protocol in order to obtain a true and reliable score. A change in one’s muscular fitness over time can be based on the absolute value of the external force (Newton (N)), but when comparisons are made between individuals, the values should be expressed as relative values (percentage of a predicted normal value). In both cases, caution must be taken in the interpretation of the result because the norms may not include a representative sample of the individual being measured, a standardized protocol may be absent, or the exact test being used may differ.

scholarly journals Improvements in skeletal muscle strength and cardiac function induced by resveratrol during exercise training contribute to enhanced exercise performance in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 590 (11) ◽  
pp. 2783-2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon W. Dolinsky ◽  
Kelvin E. Jones ◽  
Robinder S. Sidhu ◽  
Mark Haykowsky ◽  
Michael P. Czubryt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Strength
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