In vitro ruminal fermentation parameters and methane production of Marandu palisadegrass ( Urochloa brizantha ) in a silvopastoral system associated with levels of protein supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350
Author(s):  
Alyce Raiana Monteiro dos Santos ◽  
Lívia Vieira de Barros ◽  
Matheus Lima Côrrea Abreu ◽  
Bruno C. Pedreira
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

scholarly journals The Inclusion of Concentrate with Quebracho Is Advisable in Two Forage-Based Diets of Ewes According to the In Vitro Fermentation Parameters

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Jose Rufino-Moya ◽  
Mireia Blanco ◽  
Sandra Lobón ◽  
Juan Ramon Bertolín ◽  
Ramón Armengol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
N Content ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Forage Diets

Ewes receive hay or graze on fresh pastures supplemented with concentrates to fulfil their lactation requirements. Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) can be added to change the ruminal fermentation. Fermentation parameters of forages alone and 70:30 forage:concentrate diets with control and quebracho concentrate were compared after 24 h of in vitro incubation. Fresh forage diets produced less gas (p < 0.05) and had greater IVOMD (p < 0.001), ammonia (NH3-N) content, valeric acid, branched-chain volatile fatty acid proportions, and lower propionic acid proportion than the hay diets (p < 0.01). In the hay diets, methane production increased with control concentrate (p < 0.01) and tended to decrease with quebacho concentrate (p < 0.10). The inclusion of both concentrates increased the acetic:propionic ratio (p < 0.01), and only the inclusion of quebracho concentrate increased the IVOMD (p < 0.01). In the fresh forage diets, gas and methane production increased with the inclusion of the control concentrate (p < 0.05), but methane production decreased with quebracho concentrate (p < 0.01). The inclusion of quebracho concentrate reduced the NH3-N content and valeric acid proportion (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of quebracho concentrate would be advisable to reduce the CH4 production and NH3-N content in fresh forage diets and to increase the IVOMD in hay diets in comparison with the forages alone.

scholarly journals PSXI-17 Influence of hops on in vitro ruminal fermentation of corn grain

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 408-408
Author(s):  
Yamicela Castillo-Castillo ◽  
Raul Solis ◽  
Armando A Quintana ◽  
Claudio Arzola ◽  
Ana Luisa Olivas-Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract An in vitro incubation was carried out to evaluate the potential of hops (Humulus lupulus) as an alternative to antibiotics for upgrading animal production. Whole pellets of hops (Variety Galena) were ground and incubated in a batch culture of ruminal fluid (2000 mg of ground corn grain + 10 mL of fresh rumen liquor). Ruminal fluid was collected from two beef cows through an esophageal tube. The hops were incubated by 24 h at levels of 0, 800, 1600 and 2400 µg/mL. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance using PROC GLM of SAS. Hops addition linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.01) gas production (GP; 90.89, 61.73, 36.63 and 28.37 µmol/g respectively) and methane production (MP; 9.76, 1.70, 1.30 and 0.46 µmol/g respectively). The CO2 production linearly increased as levels of hops increased (P &lt; 0.02; 87.5, 88.4, 98.1 and 99.3 µmol/g respectively). The ammonia-N production was reduced in treatment 2 with respect to other treatments (P &lt; 0.03; 12.6, 9.2, 13.7 and 13.5 µmol/g). Effects on ruminal fermentation of corn grain were dose dependent of hops. Addition of hops in ruminant feeding may offer a means to decrease ruminal methane production. Further research is needed to test efficacy of hops on other in vivo rumen-fermentation parameters.

scholarly journals 171 The effect of forage quality and protein supplementation source on digestibility of Tifton 85 Bermudagrass

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Fabio J Maia ◽  
Jeferson M Lourenco ◽  
Darren Seidel ◽  
Malinee Intanoo ◽  
Todd R Callaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract An in vitro experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of quality and supplementation (CON-control, no supplement, DDG-dried distillers grains, 29.32% CP, LFD-liquid feed, 56.45% CP) on IVDMD, NDF disappearance (NDFD) and ruminal fermentation parameters of Tifton 85 Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Forage was harvested at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wk over three growing seasons to simulate various forage management practices. Samples were analyzed by Near-infrared spectroscopy and stratified by relative forage quality (RFQ). Samples were selected to represent high (120), medium (100) and low (80) RFQ. The LFD was added at 5.4% of DMI, equivalent to 0.91 kg (as fed) per head per day. The DDG was included at equivalent of 16.99%, 14.36%, and 12.23% of total DM for the high, medium, and low low RFQ forages, respectively, to make the treatments isonitrogenous to the LFD treatments. Fermentations were carried out for 48 h on 3 d. The experiment was analyzed as a 3 x 3 factorial; arrangement with RFQ and type of supplement as factors. The IVDMD (46.9, 54.6, and 62.8%) and NDFD (41.7, 53.8, and 56.1%) increased (P < 0.001) as RFQ increased. Supplementation increased (P < 0.009) NDFD (39.7, 49.5, and 59.5%) but only the LFD increased IVDMD (52.7, 55.4 and 56.2%). An RFQ x supplement interaction was observed for IVDMD (P < 0.001) and NDFD (P < 0.007). No effects of supplementation were observed for high RFQ. For medium RFQ forage quality only LDF increased IVDMD and DDG was not different from CON or LDF; and no effect of supplementation was observed for NDFD. Supplementation increased IVDMD and NDFD for low RFQ forage. There was no effect of supplementation on total gas production or total VFA concentrations. Supplementation with LFD and DDG improves IVDMD and NDFD in low RFQ Bermudagrass, and LFD supplementation can enhance IVDMD in medium RFQ forage quality

scholarly journals Nutrient Content, in Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics and Antimethanogenic Potential of Three Algerian Asteraceae Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Serine Amokrane ◽  
Rabah Arhab ◽  
Serina Calabro ◽  
Raffaella Tudisco ◽  
Federico Infascelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Chamaemelum Nobile ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Chrysanthemum Segetum

The in vitro rumen fermentation parameters and the antimethanogenic potential of three Asteraceae species: Chamaemelum nobile, Centaurea pulata and Chrysanthemum segetum were determined. Serum bottles containing 200 mg of each plant and 30 ml of the culture medium (artificial saliva plus rumen juice) were incubated for 24 h. After incubation, pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) productions were recorded. Methanogens and protozoa were quantified using  a Real Time PCR technique (qPCR). Cumulative gas productions, in vitro organic matter digestibility and VFA were not significantly affected by the added species when compared to the control (P > 0.05). The effects of Chamaemelum nobile and Chrysanthemum segetum on methane production, NH3 and acetate to propionate ratio (C2:C3) were similar. The two species were able to modulate rumen fermentation to produce significantly lower CH4 concentrations (-24.3% and -27.1%, respectively) compared to the control. C.pulata produced the highest cumulative gas and stimulated the microbial metabolism with an increase in C2:C3 ratio, NH3 and methane production (P < 0.05). No significant effect of the three species on methanogenic Archaea and protozoa was registered (P > 0.05). The three species studied herein show a good potential for mitigating ruminal methane production without any undesirable effects on the main fermentation parameters.

scholarly journals Chemical and phytochemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production, and nutrient degradability of fresh and ensiled Paulownia hybrid leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 115038
Author(s):  
Haihao Huang ◽  
Malgorzata Szumacher-Strabel ◽  
Amlan Kumar Patra ◽  
Sylwester Ślusarczyk ◽  
Dorota Lechniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

PSXIII-2 Effect of varying proportions of cereal rye and turnip on ruminal fermentation and methane output through in vitro batch culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 461-461
Author(s):  
Jordan L Cox-O’Neill ◽  
Vivek Fellner ◽  
Alan J Franluebbers ◽  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Abstract Ruminant animal performance has been variable in studies grazing annual cool-season grass and brassica monocultures and mixtures. There is little understanding of the fermentation mechanisms causing variation. The aim of this study was to determine apparent dry matter (DM) digestibility, methane, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration from different proportions of cereal rye (Secale cereal; R) and turnip (Brassica rapa L.; T) (0R:100T, 40R:60T, 60R:40T, and 100R:0T) via in vitro batch fermentation. Freeze-dried forage samples from an integrated crop-livestock study was assembled into the four treatments with a 50:50 leaf to root ratio for turnip. Measurements were made following a 48 hr fermentation with 2:1 buffer and ruminal fluid inoculum. Data were analyzed using Mixed Procedure of SAS with batch (replicate) and treatment (main effect) in the model; differences were declared at P ≤ 0.05, with tendencies declared at &gt; 0.05 but &lt; 0.10. Rumen apparent DM digestibility (26.8%; overall mean) was not different among treatments. Methane production was less (P &lt; 0.01) with inclusion of turnip ranging from 774 nmol/ml for 0R:100T to 1416 nmol/ml for 100R:0T. Total VFA production, acetate to propionate ratio, acetate, and valerate were not affected by forage treatments (117 mM, 1.45, 39.84 mol/100 mol, and 7.86 mol/100 mol, respectively; overall mean). Propionate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate concentrations were greater and butyrate concentration less with greater (P &lt; 0.01) proportions of rye in the mixture. No effect of R:T ratio on digestibility or total VFA production along with the observed differences in individual VFA concentration do not explain variable response in grazing animals. Additionally, methane production results indicate that grazing turnips could potentially reduce methane production and thus reduce ruminant livestock’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions.

PSVII-15 Effects of electrolyzed reduced water on intake, digestion and ruminal fermentation parameters in beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 446-447
Author(s):  
Natasha L Bell ◽  
Daisy A Gonzalez ◽  
Kendrah DeLeon
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Electrolyzed Reduced Water

Abstract The effect of electrolyzed reduced water consumption by cattle is not well defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of electrolyzed reduced water on intake, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), ORP and pH in four ruminally cannulated steers (4 Bos taurus; 317 kg BW). Steers were subjected to a two period (14 d), two treatment crossover design. Treatment included: 1) standard water (CON; pH = 7.0 ± 1.0) or 2) electrolyzed reduced water (ERW; pH = 9.0 ± 1.0). The project comprised of two studies where the effects of ERW were observed for steers consuming a roughage diet (phase 1) or concentrate diet (phase 2). During Phase 1, animals were provided bermudagrass hay ad libitum. A 14 d transition period followed phase 1 to allow transition of diets. In phase 2, animals were maintained on a concentrate diet. During each period, d 1–8 served as a treatment adaptation phase, d 9–13 allowed for measures of intake and digestion, and rumen fluid was collected at h 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 after feeding on d 14 for VFA, pH and ORP analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Intake, digestion, and ruminal fermentation parameters were not different for CON vs ERW steers (P ≥ 0.06). Analysis of VFA data have not been finalized and will be reported later. Results indicate that ERW has no effect on intake, digestion or ruminal fermentation parameters of steers consuming roughage or concentrate diets.

scholarly journals Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acids reduces in vitro methane production

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
E. Maleki ◽  
G.Y. Meng ◽  
M. Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
R. Jorfi ◽  
A. Khoddami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil (PSO) on gas and methane (CH4) production, ruminal fermentation and microbial populations under in vitro conditions. Three treatments consisting of a control diet containing 10 mg tallow (CON); the control diet with 5 mg PSO + 5 mg tallow (MPSO) and the control diet containing 10 mg PSO (HPSO) were compared. Ten mg of the experimental fat/oil samples were inserted into a gas-tight 100 mL plastic syringe containing 30 mL of an incubation inoculum and 250 mg of a basic substrate of a hay/concentrate (1/1, w/w) mixture. In vitro gas production was recorded over 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 hours, incubation was stopped, and methane production, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial counts were measured in the inoculant. Gas production at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h incubation, metabolizable energy and in vitro organic matter disappearance increased linearly and quadratically as level of PSO increased. Furthermore, the 10 mg PSO (HPSO) decreased CH4 production by 21.0% compared with the control (CON) group. There were no significant differences in total and individual VFA concentrations between different levels of PSO, except for butyric acid. After 24 h of incubation, methanogenesis decreased in the HPSO compared with the MPSO and CON treatments. In addition, total bacteria and protozoa counts increased with rising PSO levels, while population methanogenesis declined significantly. These results suggested that PSO could reduce methane emissions, which might be beneficial to nutrient utilization and growth in ruminants.

scholarly journals Effects of Replacing Extruded Maize by Dried Citrus Pulp in a Mixed Diet on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production, and Microbial Populations in Rusitec Fermenters

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1316
Author(s):  
Jairo García-Rodríguez ◽  
Cristina Saro ◽  
Iván Mateos ◽  
Jesús S. González ◽  
María Dolores Carro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Citrus pulp is a highly abundant by-product of the citrus industry. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of replacing extruded maize (EM; 20% of total diet) by dried citrus pulp (DCP; 20%) in a mixed diet on rumen fermentation and microbial populations in Rusitec fermenters. The two diets contained 50% alfalfa hay and 50% concentrate, and the same protein level. Four Rusitec fermenters were used in a cross-over design with two 13-d incubation runs. After 7-d of diet adaptation, diet disappearance, fermentation parameters, microbial growth, and microbial populations were assessed. Fermenters receiving the DCP showed greater pH values and fiber disappearance (p < 0.001) and lower methane production (p = 0.03) than those fed EM. Replacing EM by DCP caused an increase in the proportions of propionate and butyrate (p < 0.001) and a decrease in acetate (p = 0.04). Microbial growth, bacterial diversity, and the quantity of bacteria and protozoa DNA were not affected by the diet, but the relative abundances of fungi and archaea were greater (p < 0.03) in solid and liquid phases of DCP fermenters, respectively. Results indicate that DCP can substitute EM, promoting a more efficient ruminal fermentation.

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