scholarly journals Field indicators of leaf nutritive value for perennial ryegrass and tall fescue pastures under different growing and management conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ramón Insua ◽  
Sergio Carlos Garcia ◽  
Germán Darío Berone ◽  
Bruno Basso ◽  
Santiago A. Utsumi
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Field Indicators

scholarly journals Dry matter yield, nutritive value and tiller density of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass swards under grazing

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Hendriks ◽  
D.J. Donaghy ◽  
C. Matthew ◽  
M.R. Bretherton ◽  
N.W. Sneddon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tiller Density

Alternative pasture species with the potential to supply quality forage during summer feed shortages, such as tall fescue (TF), are of interest to dairy farmers. A paddockscale study was undertaken to compare performance of TF managed on a shorter rotation similar to perennial ryegrass (RG) (TF-RG) with TF managed on a longer rotation more consistent with its morphology of 4 live leaves/tiller (TF-TF), and with RG (RG-RG). Accumulated dry matter (DM) yields were similar for the three treatments. Patch grazing was observed during the first spring, with more long patches in TFTF than in either TF-RG or RG-RG. Sown-species leaf area index (LAI) was greater in TF-TF compared with TF-RG and RG-RG (2.25, 1.56 and 0.90, respectively; P

TALL FESCUE FOR FINISHING LAMBS AND FLUSHING EWES IN HAWKES BAY

1985 ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Wright ◽  
M.W.A. Slay ◽  
G.J. Hamilton ◽  
D.J. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Many ◽  
Better Than

Because of the many problems experienced in Hawkes Bay with traditional ryegrass pastures - drought, grass grub, stem weevil, ryegrass staggers - a research programme to evaluate tall fescue was initiated. Four short term trials have compared the nutritive value for sheep of two tall fescue cultivars (Roa and Demeter) with Nui ryegrass, all sown with white clover. All pasture types had similar quality for finishing lambs, although regrowth after a silage cut was better than previously grazed pastures, especia!!y for Nui. In the droughts of 1982 and 1983, tall fescue pastures were superior to those of Nui in both quantity and quality of feed for ewes prior to mating. This advantage resulted in an average of 18 more lambs being born per 100 ewes mated. Provided it persists, continues to produce well, and does not cause serious animal health problems under intensive sheep grazing, these results show that tall fescue should have an important role to play in Hawkes Bay and similar environments. Keywords: tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, lamb production, ewe production.

Can summer-active perennial species improve pasture nutritive value and sward stability?

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Clark ◽  
G. N. Ward ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
A. R. Lawson ◽  
M. R. McCaskill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Active Species ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
High Quality

Although generally well adapted and productive, the summer-dormant perennial pastures of southern Australia do not provide a year-round, high nutritive value feed base, they fail to respond to summer rainfall, and they are inefficient in using stored soil water, which can contribute to dryland salinity. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that deep-rooted, summer-active perennial pasture species, matched to soil type, can be grown successfully in southern Australia to increase pasture and animal productivity and to provide high quality feed in summer–autumn. Specifically, the experiment compared a traditional perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture system with two systems based on summer-active species: the triple system with lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb) Darbysh), and the novel system with chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov). The experiment incorporated three livestock systems (two sheep and one cattle) and took into account the three main soil types occurring on the DPI Hamilton research farm. After 4 years the perennial ryegrass, lucerne, and tall fescue components were all persisting well and providing feed with high nutritive value (all with frequency scores >70% in the last year of the experiment). The chicory and kikuyu pastures declined over the life of the experiment and were contributing little at the end (frequency scores <15% in the final year). Lucerne, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass cv. Banquet were able to respond to summer rainfall events to provide valuable, high-quality feed at a time when the quality of perennial ryegrass pasture is normally at its lowest; April 2007 crude protein per cent dry matter values were Avalon perennial ryegrass 16.6, Fitzroy perennial ryegrass 15.6, kikuyu 24.2, lucerne 25.8, and tall fescue 20.3 following a 98 mm rainfall event in late January 2007. This study has shown that the triple and ryegrass systems were persistent and of high nutritive value, with the sown perennial species contributing the majority of the sward dry matter during the growing season.

scholarly journals THE VALUE OF REGRASSING WITH IMPROVED PASTURE CULTIVARS IN WAIKATO

1985 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
G.J. Goold ◽  
W.C. Weeda
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Paspalum Dilatatum ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The pasture and animal productivity of established high producing pastures in the Waikato has been compared with newly sown pastures based on recently released herbage cultivars. The established pastures were a mixture of Nui perennial ryegrass, Paspalum dilatatum and Htiia white clover. The new cultivars tested were Ellett perennial ryegrass, Wana cocksfoot and Roa tall fescue, each sown with Pitau white clover. The main advantages of the new pastures containing Ellett were in increased autumn and winter herbage production, higher stock carrying capacity and lower hay requirements. The Ellett pastures had higher ryegrass content and lower weed levels than the older pastures. Wana cocksfoot when grown with Ellett ryegrass increased in content over the experimental period, especially under less intense grazing pressure although some frost damage was evident in winter wi!h a possible lowering of herbage nutritive value of the mixture. Tall fescue pastures only showed occasional merit in summer-autumn periods under the less intensive grazing regime. Keywords: established pastures, Nui ryegrass, Ellett ryegrass, Wana cocksfoot, Paspalum dilatatum, Huia white clover, Pitau white clover, Roa tall fescue, steer liveweight gains, seasonal herbage yields, herbage yields, herbage botanical composition.

Herbage accumulation, botanical composition, and nutritive value of five pasture types for dairy production in southern Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tharmaraj ◽  
D. F. Chapman ◽  
Z. N. Nie ◽  
A. P. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Botanical Composition

Four pasture treatments were compared with a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and white clover (Trifolium repens) mixture, the commonly sown pasture type, at 3 sites in south-western Victoria, to determine the extent to which total annual herbage accumulation and seasonal growth pattern could be manipulated in non-irrigated dairy systems. The pasture treatments were: (1) short-term winter-active (STW), based on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum); (2) long-term winter-active (LTW), based on Mediterranean tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) or cool-season active perennial ryegrass; (3) long-term summer-active (LTS), based on Continental tall fescue; and (4) perennial ryegrass pasture receiving moderately high nitrogen (N) inputs in winter and spring (total of 210 kg N/ha.year) to increase herbage accumulation during the ryegrass growing season (RHN). The perennial ryegrass and white clover mixture served as the control treatment. The 3 sites were Heytesbury (heavy clay soil), Terang (duplex soil), and Naringal (light soil). All pasture treatments were grazed by dairy cows. Herbage accumulation rate, botanical composition, and nutritive value of all pasture treatments were measured for 3 years. The winter-active pasture types had little effect on the overall seasonal distribution of forage supply or total annual yield compared with the control treatment. By contrast, the long-term summer-active pasture type significantly increased herbage accumulation during summer compared with all other pasture types (mean of an additional 1.3 t DM/ha during summer compared with the control treatment across all sites and years). However, this came at the cost of lower winter production (mean 0.8 t DM/ha). The LTS pasture also produced less dry matter than all other treatments in the first year after sowing at 2 of the 3 sites, reflecting the slower establishment of tall fescue. Ryegrass receiving high N inputs grew more total herbage on an annual basis than LTS. Mean total annual herbage accumulation (kg DM/ha.year) over the 3 years and 3 sites was in the order: RHN (14400) > LTS (13760) = Control (13170) > STW (12450) = LTW (12170) (P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that improvements over the industry ‘standard’ perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture management system in total herbage accumulation and the seasonal pattern of pasture growth are possible using existing pasture technology (mixtures of different species and cultivars, and N fertiliser inputs). However, significant interactions among sites, years and pasture treatments for several variables reinforced the need to understand limitations to plant growth on a site-by-site basis, to select plants that match the environmental conditions, and to then manage them appropriately to reach their growth potential.

Detection of RFLPs in Perennial Ryegrass, Using Heterologous Probes from Tall Fescue

Crop Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1366-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Xu ◽  
David A. Sleper ◽  
S. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue

The effect of biological additives on the composition and nutritive value of silage

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
M Gonzalez Yanez ◽  
R Mcginn ◽  
D H Anderson ◽  
A R Henderson ◽  
P Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Harvester

It Is claimed that the use of the correct enzyme system as an additive on grass silage will satisfactorily control the fermentation and reduce the cell-wall fibre content, thus preserving the nutrients In the silage and aiding their utilisation by the animal (Henderson and McDonald, 1977; Huhtanen et al, 1985; Raurama et al, 1987; Chamberlain and Robertson, 1989; Gordon, 1989;).The aim of the present experiment was to assess the effect of biological additives, enzymes or a combination of enzymes with an Inoculum of lactic acid bacteria, on the composition of silage and on its nutritive value when offered to store lambs as the sole constituent of their diet.On 1st June 1988, first cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) at pre-ear emergence was ensiled direct cut untreated (U), treated with a commercial enzyme (E) or with a commercial inoculum of lactic acid bacteria with enzymes (I) in 6t capacity bunker silos. The grass was cut with a mower and lifted with a New Holland precision chop forage harvester. The additives were pumped onto the grass using a dribble bar sited over the pick-up drum.

scholarly journals 111 Metsulfuron and variable nitrogen application rates on infected tall fescue: effects on stocker performance, forage yield, nutritive value, ergovaline concentration and botanical composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Kevin R Meng ◽  
Eric Bailey ◽  
Josh Zeltwanger ◽  
Hannah Allen ◽  
Mikaela Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Application Rates

Abstract Chemical seed-head suppression of endophyte infected tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) improves stocker cattle performance but may decrease forage yield. Spring nitrogen application increases tall fescue growth with a concomitant increase in ergot alkaloids, produced by the symbiotic endophyte Epichloë coenophiala. We hypothesized that greater amounts of nitrogen applied to tall fescue would increase forage yield and offset losses in forage production from chemical suppression of seed-heads with metsulfuron without effect on alkaloid concentration. Ninety-six steers (270 ± 20 kg) were randomly assigned to one of sixteen paddocks (1.8 ha) on April 18 and continuously grazed for 57 d. Paddocks were blocked by previous use (n = 4) and randomly assigned to one of four treatments; no metsulfuron, no nitrogen (NEGCON), metsulfuron with 0 (MET0), 67 (MET67), or 134 (MET134) kg/ha of ammonium nitrate, applied March 11. Steers grazing MET0 paddocks were removed 17 d early due to insufficient forage availability. Steer weight, forage yield, forage nutritive value and ergot alkaloids in forage samples were measured monthly. Seed-head frequency and species composition were determined in June. Metsulfuron application reduced (P &lt; 0.01) tall fescue seed-heads by 80%. Metsulfuron decreased (P = 0.03) ergovaline but ergovaline increased (P &lt; 0.01) at each monthly sampling across treatments. Nitrogen had no impact on ergovaline concentration (P = 0.50). Forage yield tended to be least (P = 0.07) for MET0, intermediate for NEGCON and MET67, and tended to be greatest for MET134 (P = 0.08). Steer ADG was not affected by treatment (P &lt; 0.80). Metsulfuron decreased NDF (P=0.02) regardless of fertilization rate. Forage CP increased with fertilization (P &lt; 0.01) and no differences were detected between NEGCON and MET0 (P = 0.45). Species composition was not impacted (P &gt;0.07) by treatment. Metsulfuron decreased seed-head growth and ergovaline concentration in tall fescue. Additional nitrogen fertilizer ameliorated forage yield lost to metsulfuron application but did not impact steer gain.

Determining the Rate of Ergot-alkaloid Degradation in Toxic Endophyte-infected Tall Fescue Hay and Haylage During Long Term Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Charles A Zumbaugh ◽  
Susannah A Gonia ◽  
Kathryn M Payne ◽  
Thomas B Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit

Abstract The objectives of this experiment were to determine changes in the nutritive value and ergot alkaloid concentrations of endophyte-infected tall fescue hay and haylage during a 180-d storage period. Forage from a single field of Kentucky-31 tall fescue was cut for hay in late June and allowed to dry in the field. The dry matter (DM) of the windrow of cut forage was measured every 2 h after clipping. Forage was sampled from the windrow in 6 location blocks once forage DM reached target levels for haylage and hay treatments. Haylage and hay samples were taken when the DM of the windrow reached 50% and 80%, respectively. Seven subsamples of each treatment within block were chopped to 1.91 cm in length with a lettuce chopper and vacuum sealed in oxygen-excluding bags. Sample bags were stored indoors and opened at 30 d intervals over the 180-d storage period. Samples were analyzed for pH, nutritive value, and individual ergot alkaloid concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography. Within each storage day, treatment within block was considered the experimental unit. Data were analyzed in SAS using the MIXED procedure with fixed effects of treatment, day, and the treatment by day interaction. Location block was considered a random effect. As expected, pH was decreased for haylage compared to hay at all time points (P &lt; 0.01) and DM was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for hay compared to haylage. Neutral detergent fiber values were greater (P &lt; 0.01) for hay compared to haylage and declined during storage (P &lt; 0.01). Total ergot alkaloid concentrations did not differ by treatment (P = 0.61), but ergovaline concentrations declined (P &lt; 0.01) during storage. Collectively, these results indicate minimal differences in nutritive value and ergot alkaloid concentrations between hay and haylage during storage, and that ergovaline concentrations decline during storage.

Invasion Resistance of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) and Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) to Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde L. Elmore ◽  
Victor A. Gibeault ◽  
David W. Cudney
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Invasion Resistance ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Stolon Length

Overseeding established kikuyugrass swards with tall fescue or perennial ryegrass reduced kikuyugrass cover. Renovation prior to seeding did not aid in the establishment of these two species. Increasing the seeding rate from 79 to 157 kg/ha improved the establishment of perennial ryegrass but not tall fescue. When kikuyugrass plugs were introduced into established turf, tall fescue reduced the invasion of kikuyugrass stolons more than perennial ryegrass. Tall fescue reduced percent kikuyugrass cover, number and spread of stolons, and biomass (compared to perennial ryegrass). The newer turf-type tall fescue cultivars ‘Bonsai,’ ‘Falcon,’ and ‘Olympic’ were more effective than the older tall fescue cultivar ‘Fawn’ in reducing kikuyugrass invasion by reducing stolon number, stolon length, and biomass.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document