scholarly journals The Tax-rate Elasticity of Local Business Profits

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Fossen ◽  
Viktor Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Fiscal Equalization ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Local Business ◽  
Business Tax ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Return Data

Abstract Local business profits respond to local business tax (LBT) rates that vary across municipalities. We estimate that a 1% increase in the LBT rate decreases the LBT base by 0.45%, based on the universe of German LBT return files, which include corporations and unincorporated businesses. However, the fiscal equalization scheme largely compensates municipalities for the loss in the LBT base when they increase the LBT rate. Our estimates suggest that using tax revenue data instead of tax return data, as commonly done in the literature, results in a significant bias of the elasticity away from zero.

Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten der Stadtstaaten bei gegebener Steuersatzautonomie für die Körperschaftsteuer

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Broer
Keyword(s):  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Corporation Tax ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Local Business ◽  
Business Tax ◽  
City States ◽  
Statutory Tax Rate ◽  
The City

SummaryGerman corporate companies are taxed with a federal corporation tax and with a local business tax. The latter has a similar, but broader tax base (including e. g. 25 % of interest payments) and its tax rate is set independently by every municipality including the so called city-states (Stadtstaaten). The federal corporation tax revenue is equally split between the federal government and the federal states (Länder). Till now the federal tax rate has been fixed by the German government. Federal states have not had the right to rule the tax rate of their share of corporation tax. At present a federal commission is discussing whether this should be possible in the future. Once granted this privilege, the city-states will be able to substitute their part of corporation tax by a higher local business tax. Furthermore, because of its broader tax base, there will be a reduction of the statutory tax rate for corporations without a decrease in tax revenue. This paper analyses the revenue effects of this substitution for the city-states taking into account the German fiscal equalization system and the incentive of profit shifting to the city-states. The analysis shows some positive revenue effects to the city-states, if they will substitute their part of corporation tax by a higher local business tax. The revenue effects are subject to different scenarios and add up to 17.5 million for Hamburg, 10.4 million for Berlin and 3.6 million for Bremen.

Tourism and urban economic growth: A panel analysis of German cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Neuts
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Urban Economic ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Local Business ◽  
Business Tax ◽  
German Cities

Even though cities are among the most important tourist destinations, research on tourism as a vehicle for economic growth – most often approached via the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH) – has predominantly been limited to countries. This study explores the validity of the TLGH in an urban context. Panel data were collected for 89 German cities on different indicators of urban economic growth. Pedroni panel cointegration confirmed a long-term equilibrium between tourism, local business tax revenue, income tax revenue and real GDP, indicating that even for cities within a strong, developed economy, tourism contributes to wealth creation. A Panel Granger causality analysis established a one-way Granger causal relationship from tourism to local business tax and income tax and a bidirectional relationship between tourism and real GDP. This causal relationship was stronger for cities with a high to medium tourism intensity.

Is the Local Business Tax a User Tax? An Empirical Investigation for Germany / Ist die Gewerbesteuer eine Äquivalenzsteuer? Eine empirische Analyse für Deutschland

2001 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Fuest ◽  
Regina Riphahn
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Business Taxes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Local Business ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
Business Tax ◽  
Congestion Effects

SummaryThe theory of fiscal federalism argues that local governments should only tax mobile tax bases for the purpose of charging user taxes which correct for congestion effects. Empirically, we observe that local governments do levy taxes on mobile bases. In Germany, this is the local business tax (Gewerbesteuer). Since such taxes are efficient only if they are raised to cover congestion effects, the justification for these taxes usually put forward is that they serve as user taxes. This paper tests empirically whether that justification holds for the case of German local business taxes. Our findings do not support the user tax argument. Instead, our results suggest that local governments use the local business tax as a source of revenue for general public expenditures. Our empirical analysis finds statistically significant positive effects of changes in expenditures for social assistance and interest payments on subsequent tax rate changes. Our results are thus consistent with the view prevailing in the literature according to which local business tax rates are set in response to general financial pressure in local government budgets.

scholarly journals Internationalization and business tax revenue—evidence from Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Becker ◽  
Clemens Fuest
Keyword(s):  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Business Tax

Ireland faces economic uncertainty with OECD reforms

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Sinn Fein ◽  
Fiscal Spending

Significance This framework laid out two pillars of reform. Pillar One would see large companies liable for tax in the end-market jurisdiction where their goods or services are used or consumed. Pillar Two would set a minimum tax rate of 15%. Impacts Ireland will probably support the reforms by October, and in return it may get some concessions over implementation or sectoral coverage. Reduced corporate tax revenue may result in tighter fiscal spending, which would play into the hands of the opposition Sinn Fein. The corporate tax proposals come at a particularly bad time for the Irish economy, which is already facing the consequences of Brexit.

scholarly journals Malaysian corporate tax rate and revenue: the application of Ibn Khaldun tax theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Hairul Azlan Annuar ◽  
Khadijah Isa ◽  
Salihu Aramide Ibrahim ◽  
Sakiru Adsebola Solarin
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Optimal Tax ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The present study aims to investigate the impact of the reduction of the corporate tax rate on corporate tax revenue. The study adopts the theory of taxation by Ibn Khaldun, depicted as the Laffer curve. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses time series data for the period 1996 to 2014 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. Findings The paper finds that the corporate tax rate has a dual effect on corporate tax revenue over the study period. It shows an inverted U-shape relationship between the corporate tax rate and corporate tax revenue and reveals that the optimal tax rate is 25.5156 per cent. Inferentially, a positive relationship exists between the two variables prior to the optimal tax rate, and a negative relationship prevails afterwards. A further test of causality shows a long-run unidirectional causality between corporate tax rate and corporate tax revenue. Research limitations/implications First, it should be noted that the policy was not implemented in isolation. Several other tax incentives were given to corporate tax payers, and therefore, such incentives should be controlled for to have a more insightful evaluation of the policy. Second and most important, there is a need to investigate whether the increased cash flow available to firms as a result of the reduction in the corporate tax rate adds value to firms. It is also necessary to investigate whether firms’ stakeholders benefited from the increased cash flow or was there managerial diversion of firms’ resources. Practical implications The policy of gradual reduction of the corporate tax rate in Malaysia is suspected to have a positive impact on the productivity of Malaysian companies, which has contributed to an increase in corporate tax revenue. It also has a positive impact on the economic growth of the country. It means that the lower corporate tax rate has actually reduced the cost of doing business in the country. Originality/value The benefit of increased corporate tax revenue needs to be investigated empirically for insightful policy evaluation. In Malaysia, however, such investigation is close to non-existent to the best knowledge of the researchers. Thus, the present study aims at investigating the impact of the policy of gradual reduction of the corporate tax rate on corporate tax revenue over an 18-year period from 1996 to 2014.

scholarly journals TREN KEPATUHAN PAJAK PENGUSAHA UMKM DI KPP PRATAMA MERAUKE ATAS BERLAKUNYA PENGENAAN PPh FINAL ATAS OMSET

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Andri Marfiana
Keyword(s):  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Rate

The purpose of this study is to described how the implementation of PP 46, 2013 which was change by PP23, in compliance of SME’s Taxpayer. The compliancy describe in this study incline to tax revenue. However, the researcher also describe, the compliency in tax report.The result demonstrates that the implementation of PP46/PP23 tend to slightly increase the compliancy of SME’s Taxpayers. The contrbution of tax which paid by SME’s Taxpayer is not significant if compare with all tax ravanue. Eventhough, there is increasing in compliancy, in 2018, there is decreasing of tax revenue paid by SME’s Taxpayer, because in 2018, there was change from PP46 to PP23. In PP23 the tax rate was decrease, from 1% to 0.5%.In this study, it is argued that the implementation of PP46/PP23 has incresing the compliancy of SMEs Taxpayer.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Fiscal Incentives for R&D: Quasi-experimental Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irem Guceri ◽  
Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tax Credits ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Corporation Tax ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Elasticity Estimate ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
User Cost Elasticity ◽  
The Universe

We exploit a 2008 UK policy reform that increased the tax incentives for R&D in medium-sized enterprises relative to large ones, to overcome the endogeneity of exposure to such tax credits. We estimate a difference-in-difference design on the universe of corporation tax filings in the United Kingdom, combined with other datasets. We find a positive and significant impact of tax credits for R&D, implying a user-cost elasticity estimate of around −1.6. This magnitude implies around $1 in additional private R&D spending per dollar foregone in tax revenue. (JEL H25, H32, K34, L25, O32)

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