scholarly journals Vulnerability of global biodiversity hotspots to climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany T. Trew ◽  
Ilya M. D. Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Global Biodiversity

Pollination and Restoration

Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 325 (5940) ◽  
pp. 571-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley W. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Pollination services underpin sustainability of restored ecosystems. Yet, outside of agri-environments, effective restoration of pollinator services in ecological restoration has received little attention. This deficiency in the knowledge needed to restore pollinator capability represents a major liability in restoration programs, particularly in regions where specialist invertebrate and vertebrate pollinators exist, such as global biodiversity hotspots. When compounded with the likely negative impacts of climate change on pollination services, the need to understand and manage pollinator services in restoration becomes paramount.

Hotspots of land-use change in global biodiversity hotspots

2021 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 105770
Author(s):  
Xuesong Kong ◽  
Zhengzi Zhou ◽  
Limin Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Global Biodiversity

Imperiled by Climate Change: Global Biodiversity Rich-Spots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Manes ◽  
Kerry-Anne Grey ◽  
Anindita Debnath ◽  
Mark J. Costello ◽  
Mariana M. Vale
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Biodiversity

5. Climate change impacts

2014 ◽  
pp. 68-97
Author(s):  
Mark Maslin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Dangerous Climate Change ◽  
Water And Food Security

What is dangerous climate change? What is our coping range? ‘Climate change impacts’ assesses the potential effects of climate change on the natural environment as well as on human societies and our economies. Climate change impacts will increase significantly as global temperature rises. Climate change will affect the return period and severity of floods, droughts, heat waves, and storms. Coastal cities and towns will be especially vulnerable as sea-level rise will worsen the effects of floods and storm surges. Water and food security and public health will become the most important problems facing all countries. Climate change also threatens global biodiversity and the well being of billions of people.

scholarly journals Changes in Human Population Density and Protected Areas in Terrestrial Global Biodiversity Hotspots, 1995–2015

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Cunningham ◽  
Karen Beazley
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Area Coverage ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Human Population Density ◽  
Global Average ◽  
Global Biodiversity

Biodiversity hotspots are rich in endemic species and threatened by anthropogenic influences and, thus, considered priorities for conservation. In this study, conservation achievements in 36 global biodiversity hotspots (25 identified in 1988, 10 added in 2011, and one in 2016) were evaluated in relation to changes in human population density and protected area coverage between 1995 and 2015. Population densities were compared against 1995 global averages, and percentages of protected area coverage were compared against area-based targets outlined in Aichi target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (17% by 2020) and calls for half Earth (50%). The two factors (average population density and percent protected area coverage) for each hotspot were then plotted to evaluate relative levels of threat to biodiversity conservation. Average population densities in biodiversity hotspots increased by 36% over the 20-year period, and were double the global average. The protected area target of 17% is achieved in 19 of the 36 hotspots; the 17 hotspots where this target has not been met are economically disadvantaged areas as defined by Gross Domestic Product. In 2015, there are seven fewer hotspots (22 in 1995; 15 in 2015) in the highest threat category (i.e., population density exceeding global average, and protected area coverage less than 17%). In the lowest threat category (i.e., population density below the global average, and a protected area coverage of 17% or more), there are two additional hotspots in 2015 as compared to 1995, attributable to gains in protected area. Only two hotspots achieve a target of 50% protection. Although conservation progress has been made in most global biodiversity hotspots, additional efforts are needed to slow and/or reduce population density and achieve protected area targets. Such conservation efforts are likely to require more coordinated and collaborative initiatives, attention to biodiversity objectives beyond protected areas, and support from the global community.

Wetlands: The living waters-A review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Arya ◽  
Elizabeth K Syriac
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
International Level ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
The World

Wetlands are the link between land and water which provide imperative services to living forms. There are different kinds of wetlands around the world performing vivacious functions like water conservation, food supply, cultural value, biodiversity hotspots, pollution abatement etc. Nevertheless, increasing human population has lead to urbanization and land use changes resulting in climate change and pollution and ultimately in wetland destruction. Henceforth, conservation of wetlands is significant; for that at the international level Ramsar convention was steered and selected most important wetlands in the world which are under destruction. India has 26 Ramsar sites. Particulars regarding different kinds of wetlands, its significance, conservation and major wetlands in India are reviewed in this paper.

scholarly journals Tracing climate and land-use instability reveals new insights into the future of Earth’s remaining wilderness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Asamoah ◽  
Moreno Di Marco ◽  
James Watson ◽  
Linda Beaumont ◽  
Oscar Venter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Wilderness Areas ◽  
Global Biodiversity

Abstract Accelerated loss of Earth’s wilderness over the last five decades underscores the urgency for efforts to retain the conservation value of these areas. Assessing how wilderness areas are likely to be impacted by the future environmental change is fundamental to achieving global biodiversity conservation goals. Using scenarios of climate and land-use change during baseline (1970–2005) and future (2015–2050) epochs, we found that climate change within wilderness areas is predicted to increase by ~ 47%, compared to a 19% increase in land-use change. Half (52%) of all wilderness areas may undergo climate change by 2050, limiting their capacity to shelter biodiversity. More significant changes are especially predicted to occur in the unprotected wilderness that supports unique assemblages of species and are therefore more important for biodiversity persistence. Countries with smaller and disconnected wilderness areas are disproportionately at risk from the combined impacts of climate and land-use change. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and preserving remaining intact natural ecosystems can help fortify these frontiers of biodiversity.

scholarly journals Accounting for uncertainty in assessing the impact of climate change on biodiversity hotspots in Spain

2019 ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Romero ◽  
J. Olivero ◽  
R. Real
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Taxonomic Uncertainty ◽  
The Impact

Our limited understanding of the complexity of nature generates uncertainty in mathematical and cartographical models used to predict the effects of climate change on species’ distributions. We developed predictive models of distributional range shifts of threatened vertebrate species in mainland Spain, and in their accumulation in biodiversity hotspots due to climate change. We considered two relevant sources of climatological uncertainty that affect predictions of future climate: general circulation models and socio–economic scenarios. We also examined the relative importance of climate as a driver of species’ distribution and taxonomic uncertainty as additional biogeographical causes of uncertainty. Uncertainty was detected in all the forecasts derived from models in which climate was a significant explanatory factor, and in the species with taxonomic uncertainty. Uncertainty in forecasts was mainly located in areas not occupied by the species, and increased with time difference from the present. Mapping this uncertainty allowed us to assess the consistency of predictions regarding future changes in the distribution of hotspots of threatened vertebrates in Spain.

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