scholarly journals Global-scale mapping of changes in ecosystem functioning from earth observation-based trends in total and recurrent vegetation

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Fensholt ◽  
Stéphanie Horion ◽  
Torbern Tagesson ◽  
Andrea Ehammer ◽  
Eva Ivits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Earth Observation

scholarly journals Global‐scale characterization of turning points in arid and semi‐arid ecosystem functioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1230-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo N. Bernardino ◽  
Wanda De Keersmaecker ◽  
Rasmus Fensholt ◽  
Jan Verbesselt ◽  
Ben Somers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Arid Ecosystem ◽  
Scale Characterization ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals A Review of Earth Observation-Based Analyses for Major River Basins

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soner Uereyen ◽  
Claudia Kuenzer
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Spatial Databases ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Status ◽  
Major River

Regardless of political boundaries, river basins are a functional unit of the Earth’s land surface and provide an abundance of resources for the environment and humans. They supply livelihoods supported by the typical characteristics of large river basins, such as the provision of freshwater, irrigation water, and transport opportunities. At the same time, they are impacted i.e., by human-induced environmental changes, boundary conflicts, and upstream–downstream inequalities. In the framework of water resource management, monitoring of river basins is therefore of high importance, in particular for researchers, stake-holders and decision-makers. However, land surface and surface water properties of many major river basins remain largely unmonitored at basin scale. Several inventories exist, yet consistent spatial databases describing the status of major river basins at global scale are lacking. Here, Earth observation (EO) is a potential source of spatial information providing large-scale data on the status of land surface properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of existing research articles analyzing major river basins primarily using EO. Furthermore, this review proposes to exploit EO data together with relevant open global-scale geodata to establish a database and to enable consistent spatial analyses and evaluate past and current states of major river basins.

scholarly journals Network structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages at the global scale: drivers and ecosystem functioning implications

Ecography ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1143-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Sebastián‐González ◽  
Zebensui Morales‐Reyes ◽  
Francisco Botella ◽  
Lara Naves‐Alegre ◽  
Juan M. Pérez‐García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Global Scale

scholarly journals Development of an Earth observation processing chain for crop biophysical parameters at local and global scale

2017 ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
M. Campos-Taberner
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Processing Chain

<p class="Bodytext"><span lang="EN-US">Reseña de tesis doctoral defendida el 17 de Julio de 2017. </span></p><p class="Bodytext"><span lang="EN-US">Lugar: Facultat de Física, Universitat de València.</span></p>

Earth Observation Techniques for Spatial Disaggregation of Exposure Data 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Geiß ◽  
Patrick Aravena Pelizari ◽  
Peter Priesmeier ◽  
Angélica Rocio Soto Calderon ◽  
Elisabeth Schoepfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Exposure Data ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Spatial Disaggregation ◽  
Loss Estimations

&lt;p&gt;Exposure describes elements which are imperiled by natural hazards and susceptible to damage. The affiliated vulnerability characterizes the likelihood to experience damage regarding a given level of hazard intensity. Frequently, the compilation of exposure information is the costliest component (in terms of time and labor) in risk assessment. Existing data sets and models often describe exposure in an aggregated manner, e.g., by relying on statistical/census data for given administrative entities. Nowadays, earth observation techniques allow to collect spatially continuous information for large geographic areas while enabling a high geometric and temporal resolution. In parallel, modern data interpretation tools based on Artificial Intelligence concepts enable the extraction of thematic information from such data with a high accuracy and detail. Consequently, we exploit measurements from the earth observation missions TanDEM-X and Sentinel-2, which collect data on a global scale, to characterize the built environment in terms of fundamental morphologic properties, namely built-up density and height. Subsequently, we use this information to constrain existing exposure data in a spatial disaggregation approach. Thereby, we compare different methods for disaggregation and evaluate how different resolution properties of the earth observation data affect the risk assessment result. Results are presented for the city of Santiago de Chile, Chile, which is prone to natural hazards such as earthquakes. We present loss estimations and corresponding sensivity with respect to the resolution properties of the exposure data used in the model. Thereby, it can be noted how loss estimations vary substantially and that aggregated exposure information underestimates losses in our scenarios. As such, this study underlines the benefits of deploying modern earth observation technologies for refined exposure estimation and related loss estimation.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Land Use/Land Cover in view of Earth Observation: Data Sources, Input Dimensions and Classifiers -a Review of the State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Chandra Pandey ◽  
Nikos Koutsias ◽  
George Petropoulos ◽  
Prashant K. Srivastava ◽  
Eyal Ben Dor
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
The State ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Data Types

Land use/land cover (LULC) is a fundamental concept of theEarth’s system intimately connected to many phases of the human and physical environment. Earth observation (EO) technology provides an informative source of data covering the entire globe in a spatial and spectral resolution appropriate to better and easier classify land cover than traditional or conventional methods. The use of high spatial and spectral resolution imagery from EO sensors has increased remarkably over the past decades, as more andmore platforms are placed in orbit and new applications emerge in different disciplines. The aim of the present review work is to provide all-inclusive critical reflection on the state of the art in the use of EO technology in LULC mapping and change detection. The emphasis is placed on providing an overview of the different EO datasets, spatial-spectral-temporal characteristics of satellite data and classification approaches employed in land cover classification. The review concludes providing recommendations and remarks on what should be done in order to overcome hurdle faced using above-mentioned problems in LULC mapping. This also provides information on using classifier algorithms depending upon the data types and dependent on the regional ecosystems. One of the main messages of our review is that in future, there will be a need to assemble techniques specifically used in LULC with their merit and demerits that will enable more comprehensive understanding at regional or global scale and improve understanding between different land cover relationship and variability among them and these remains to be seen.

scholarly journals Ecosystem responses to exotic earthworm invasion in northern North American forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Eisenhauer ◽  
Olga Ferlian ◽  
Dylan Craven ◽  
Jes Hines ◽  
Malte Jochum
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Earthworm Invasion ◽  
Exotic Earthworms ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Gains And Losses

Earth is experiencing a substantial loss of biodiversity at the global scale, while both species gains and losses are occurring at local and regional scales. The influence of these nonrandom changes in species distributions could profoundly affect the functioning of ecosystems and the essential services that they provide. However, few experimental tests have been conducted examining the influence of species invasions on ecosystem functioning. Even fewer have been conducted using invasive ecosystem engineers, which can have disproportionately strong influence on native ecosystems relative to their own biomass. The invasion of exotic earthworms is a prime example of an ecosystem engineer that is influencing many ecosystems around the world. In particular, European earthworm invasions of northern North American forests cause simultaneous species gains and losses with significant consequences for essential ecosystem processes like nutrient cycling and crucial services to humanity like soil erosion control and carbon sequestration. Exotic earthworms are expected to select for specific traits in communities of soil microorganisms (fast-growing bacteria species), soil fauna (promoting the bacterial energy channel), and plants (graminoids) through direct and indirect effects. This will accelerate some ecosystem processes and decelerate others, fundamentally altering how invaded forests function. This project aims to investigate ecosystem responses of northern North American forests to earthworm invasion. Using a novel, synthetic combination of field observations, field experiments, lab experiments, and meta-analyses, the proposed work will be the first systematic examination of earthworm effects on (1) plant communities and (2) soil food webs and processes. Further, (3) effects of a changing climate (warming and reduced summer precipitation) on earthworm performance will be investigated in a unique field experiment designed to predict the future spread and consequences of earthworm invasion in North America. By assessing the soil chemical and physical properties as well as the taxonomic (e.g., by the latest next-generation sequencing techniques) and functional composition of plant, soil microbial and animal communities and the processes they drive in four forests, work packages I-III take complementary approaches to derive a comprehensive and generalizable picture of how ecosystems change in response to earthworm invasion. Finally, in work package IV, meta-analyses will be used to integrate the information from work packages I-III and existing literature to investigate if earthworms cause invasion waves, invasion meltdowns, habitat homogenization, and ecosystem state shifts. Global data will be synthesized to test if the relative magnitude of effects differs from place to place depending on the functional dissimilarity between native soil fauna and exotic earthworms. Moving from local to global scale, the present proposal examines the influence of earthworm invasions on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships from an aboveground–belowground perspective in natural settings. This approach is highly innovative as it utilizes the invasion by exotic earthworms as an exciting model system that links invasion biology with trait-based community ecology, global change research, and ecosystem ecology, pioneering a new generation of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research.

scholarly journals Network structure of vertebrate scavenger assemblages at the global scale: drivers and ecosystem functioning implications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Sebastián‐González ◽  
Zebensui Morales‐Reyes ◽  
Francisco Botella ◽  
Lara Naves‐Alegre ◽  
Juan M Pérez‐García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Global Scale

No description supplied

scholarly journals Estimating river discharge from earth observation measurement of river surface hydraulic variables

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 7839-7861 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Negrel ◽  
P. Kosuth ◽  
N. Bercher
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Along Track ◽  
Hydraulic Variables

Abstract. River discharge is a key variable to quantify the water cycle, its fluxes and stocks at different scales, from local scale for the efficient management of water resource to global scale for the monitoring of climate change. Therefore, developing Earth observation (EO) techniques for the measurement or estimation of river discharge is a major challenge. A key question deals with the possibility of deriving river discharge values from EO surface variables (width, level, slope, velocity the only one accessible through EO) without any in situ measurement. Based on a literature study and original developments, the possibilities of estimating water surface variables using remote-sensing techniques have been explored, mainly RADAR altimetry as well as across-track and along-track interferometry.

scholarly journals Deep-sea ecosystem: a world of positive biodiversity – ecosystem functioning relationships?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Baldrighi ◽  
Donato Giovannelli ◽  
Giuseppe d’Errico ◽  
Marc Lavaleye ◽  
Elena Manini
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Macrofaunal Species ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems

Abstract. The global scale of the biodiversity crisis has stimulated research on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) in several ecosystems of the world. Even though the deep-sea seafloor is the largest biome on Earth, BEF studies in deep-sea benthic ecosystems are scarce. In addition, the few recent studies, mostly focus on meiobenthic nematodes, report quite different results spanning from a very clear positive relationship to none at all. If deep-sea BEF relationships are indeed so variable or have a more common nature is not established. In this first BEF study of deep-sea macrobenthic fauna, we investigated the structural and functional diversity of macrofauna assemblages at three depths (1200, 1900 and 3000 m) in seven different open slope systems in the NE Atlantic Ocean (n = 1) and Western (n = 3) and Central (n = 3) Mediterranean Sea. The results demonstrate a positive relationship between deep-sea macrobenthic diversity and ecosystem function, with some variability in its strength between slope areas and in relation to the spatial scale of investigation and environmental conditions. The macrofauna functional diversity did not appear to be more effective than structural diversity in influencing ecosystem processes. Rare macrofaunal species were seen to have a negligible effect on BEF relationship, suggesting a high ecological redundancy and a small role of rare species in providing community services.

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