Potential hydraulic efficiency in angiosperm trees increases with growth-site temperature but has no trade-off with mechanical strength

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 971-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Bao Zhang ◽  
Kun-Fang Cao ◽  
Ze-Xin Fan ◽  
Jiao-Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Growth Site

A clear trade‐off between leaf hydraulic efficiency and safety in an aridland shrub during regrowth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang‐Qian Yao ◽  
Zheng‐Fei Nie ◽  
Yuan‐Yuan Zeng ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals Trade-off between root porosity and mechanical strength in species with different types of aerenchyma

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. STRIKER ◽  
P. INSAUSTI ◽  
A. A. GRIMOLDI ◽  
A. S. VEGA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Root Porosity ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals The roles of conduit redundancy and connectivity in xylem hydraulic functions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assaad Mrad ◽  
Daniel M Johnson ◽  
David M Love ◽  
Jean-Christophe Domec
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Network Characteristics

Wood anatomical traits shape a xylem segment's hydraulic efficiency and embolism spread resistance due to declining water potential. Because xylem sap is in a metastable state, gas embolisms might spread within the sapwood conduits as water potential declines, inhibiting water movement. It has been known for decades that variations in conduit connectivity play a role in altering xylem hydraulics. However, evaluating the precise effect of conduit connectivity on hydraulic efficiency and embolism spread resistance has been elusive. Using graph theory, percolation theory, and computational modeling, we show that increases in conduit connectivity improves resistance to embolism spread in certain flowering plants without compromising hydraulic efficiency. The influence of conduit connectivity might explain in part why the hypothesis of the 'safety-efficiency' trade-off is weak among woody species with different xylem network characteristics. Overall, knowing how xylem network measures influence segment hydraulics is necessary to generalize trends linking anatomy and hydraulic function among woody species.

scholarly journals The hydraulic efficiency–safety trade‐off differs between lianas and trees

Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. e02666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masha T. Sande ◽  
Lourens Poorter ◽  
Stefan A. Schnitzer ◽  
Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht ◽  
Lars Markesteijn
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals Hydraulic traits are coordinated with maximum plant height at the global scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. eaav1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Sean M. Gleason ◽  
Guangyou Hao ◽  
Lei Hua ◽  
Pengcheng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Species Sorting ◽  
Hydraulic Safety ◽  
The Relationship

Water must be transported long distances in tall plants, resulting in increasing hydraulic resistance, which may place limitations on the maximum plant height (Hmax) in a given habitat. However, the coordination of hydraulic traits with Hmax and habitat aridity remains poorly understood. To explore whether Hmax modifies the trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety or how water availability might influence the relationship between Hmax and other hydraulic traits, we compiled a dataset including Hmax and 11 hydraulic traits for 1281 woody species from 369 sites worldwide. We found that taller species from wet habitats exhibited greater xylem efficiency and lower hydraulic safety, wider conduits, lower conduit density, and lower sapwood density, which were all associated with habitat water availability. Plant height and hydraulic functioning appear to represent a single, coordinated axis of variation, aligned primarily with water availability, thus suggesting an important role for this axis in species sorting processes.

scholarly journals Divergence of stem biomechanics and hydraulics between Bauhinia lianas and trees

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Fu-Chuan Wu ◽  
Shu-Bin Zhang ◽  
Jiao-Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conduit Wall ◽  
Lower Stem ◽  
Seasonal Forests

Abstract Liana abundance and biomass are increasing in neotropical and Asian tropical seasonal forests over the past decades. Stem mechanical properties and hydraulic traits influence the growth and survival of plants, yet the differences in stem mechanical and hydraulic performance between congeneric lianas and trees remain poorly understood. Here, we measured 11 stem mechanical and hydraulic traits for 10 liana species and 10 tree species from Bauhinia grown in a tropical common garden. Our results showed that Bauhinia lianas possessed lower stem mechanical strength as indicated by both modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, and higher stem potential hydraulic conductivity than congeneric trees. Such divergence was mainly attributed to the differentiation in liana and tree life forms. Whether the phylogenetic effect was considered or not, mechanical strength was positively correlated with wood density, vessel conduit wall reinforcement and sapwood content across species. Results of principle component analysis showed that traits related to mechanical safety and hydraulic efficiency were loaded in the opposite direction, suggesting a trade-off between biomechanics and hydraulics. Our results provide evidence for obvious differentiation in mechanical demand and hydraulic efficiency between congeneric lianas and trees.

scholarly journals A Trade-Off between Mechanical Strength and Erosive Wear Resistance in AlSi12CuMgNi Alloy Used to Manufacture Fan Blades for Underground Mines

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentino Alvarez-Antolin ◽  
Elvira Segurado-Frutos ◽  
Alejandro González-Pociño ◽  
Alberto Cofiño-Villar ◽  
Juan Asensio-Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cast State ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Trade Off

The axial fan blades used in underground mines are usually manufactured in AlSi12CuMgNi alloy (EN AC 48000). They must have a high mechanical strength to withstand the stresses resulting from the rotation speed of the rotor and a high resistance to erosive wear caused by suspended particles from underground mining and transport operations. The aim of this paper is to determine the most suitable thermal treatment to simultaneously improve their mechanical strength and erosive wear resistance. To this end, two solution treatments at 525 °C with cooling in water were analysed, as well as several ageing times at 170 °C. The crystalline phases present in the as-cast state were quantified by X-ray diffraction following quenching and different ageing processes. Furthermore, erosion wear resistance was measured by means of compressed air blasting with corundum particles according to ASTM G76 (2004). The highest wear resistance was obtained in the as-cast state using gravity die casting, with the presence of Al4Cu2Mg8Si7 and Al3CuNi. This wear resistance was higher than that obtained after the ageing treatment. However, a trade-off between mechanical strength and wear resistance was observed after 12 h ageing, where the hardness obtained exceeded 160 HV and the wear resistance became similar to that obtained in the as-cast state.

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