scholarly journals Sorghum biomass production in the continental United States and its potential impacts on soil organic carbon and nitrous oxide emissions

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 878-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Gautam ◽  
Umakant Mishra ◽  
Corinne D. Scown ◽  
Yao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Potential solutions to the major greenhouse-gas issues facing Australasian dairy farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Eckard ◽  
H. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
On Farm

The Australasian dairy industry is facing the dual challenges of increasing productivity, while also reducing its emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG) methane and nitrous oxide. Following the COP21 Paris Agreement, all sectors of the economy will be expected to contribute to GHG abatement. Enteric methane is the major source of GHG emissions from dairy production systems (>70%), followed by nitrous oxide (13%) and methane (12%) from animal waste, with nitrogen (N)-fertiliser use contributing ~3.5% of total on-farm non-carbon dioxide equivalent (non-CO2e) emissions. Research on reducing methane emissions from dairy cattle has focussed on feeding dietary supplements (e.g. tannins, dietary oils and wheat), rumen modification (e.g. vaccine, inhibitors), breeding and animal management. Research on reducing nitrous oxide emissions has focussed on improving N fertiliser efficiency and reducing urinary N loss. Profitable options for significant abatement on farm are still limited, with the industry focusing instead on improving production efficiency, while reducing emission intensity (t CO2e/t product). Absolute emission reduction will become an imperative as the world moves towards carbon neutrality by 2050 and, thus, a priority for research. However, even with implementation of best-practice abatement, it is likely that some residual emissions will remain in the foreseeable future. The soil organic carbon content of dairy soils under well fertilised, high-rainfall or irrigated permanent pastures are already high, therefore limiting the potential for further soil carbon sequestration as an offset against these residual emissions. The Australasian dairy industry will, therefore, also need to consider how these residual emissions will be offset through carbon sequestration mainly in trees and, to a more limited extent, increasing soil organic carbon.

Simulation of long-term changes in soil organic carbon and nitrous oxide emissions from permanent grass silage using the DNDC model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Khalil ◽  
Bruce A. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
The Impact

<p>Quantification and reporting of soil organic carbon density (SOCρ) changes and greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), emissions from agricultural soils using higher tiers remain a key challenge. Modelling approaches can provide largescale land use and management coverage whilst minimizing spatial and temporal variability. Identification of an advanced tool to simulate the net balance of SOC and GHG for mitigation, offsetting and policy formulation is a global concern. We tested the widely used latest version of Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC95) model, a process-based one, to simulate both SOCρ and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and their annual changes over 45 years. The moist temperate grass silage was managed with inorganic fertilizer as urea and organic ones as cattle and pig slurry applied at low, medium and high rates. The model performed well for urea, cattle slurry and pig slurry to predict both SOCρ and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The measured data for SOCρ at a 0-15 cm depth for unfertilized and urea-fertilized fields (73-77 t C ha<sup>-1</sup>) were significantly higher than the simulated ones (54-55). However, the model-estimates showed good agreement with the measured values (R<sup>2 </sup>= 0.66) and revealed increased C sequestration with increasing added-C (0.46±0.06 vs. 0.37±0.01 t C ha<sup>-1 </sup>yr<sup>-1</sup>). The model simulated N<sub>2</sub>O emissions well and the resulted emission factors (EFs) estimated on average to be 0.35 ± 0.02, 1.80 ± 0.28 and 1.53 ± 0.41%, respectively, which are close to national and IPCC estimates. Variations in the simulated-SOCρ and derived-EFs could be explained mainly by differences in nitrogen inputs (49%) and added-C (62%), respectively, where the impact of rainfall (15-16%) and temperature (10-11%) was identical. Generally, SOCρ and N<sub>2</sub>O EFs were sensitive to soil texture, pH, bulk density and organic carbon (R<sup>2 </sup>= 0.77-0.99) but annual changes in SOCρ decreased with the latter two (R<sup>2 </sup>= -0.99). Application of animal slurry during autumn demonstrated more C being sequestered in the clay loam soil (Dystric Gleysol) and strategic replacement of slurry either after the second or third silage cuts by urea decreased N<sub>2</sub>O EFs significantly. Results  imply that the updated DNDC95 could provide an accurate representation of the key drivers influencing both SOCρ and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes in temperate grass silage.</p>

REGIONAL DIVERSITY IN NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM THE AGRICULTURAL USE OF SOIL

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Jarosz ◽  
Antoni Faber
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emission ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the analyzed factors on the regional differentiation of nitrous oxide emission values from the agricultural use of soil in Poland. In the analyses, the initial content of soil organic carbon, carbon sequestration and soil pH were taken into account as variables modifying the value of nitrous oxide emission. The results showed that regional differentiation of nitrous oxide emissions was shaped mainly by the initial content of soil organic carbon and carbon sequestration. The highest emission values, 3 to 3.5 times higher than in other regions, were identified in Lubuskie voivodship.

scholarly journals The southern Brazilian grassland biome: soil carbon stocks, fluxes of greenhouse gases and some options for mitigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (3 suppl) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
VD Pillar ◽  
CG Tornquist ◽  
C Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Grassland Biome

The southern Brazilian grassland biome contains highly diverse natural ecosystems that have been used for centuries for grazing livestock and that also provide other important environmental services. Here we outline the main factors controlling ecosystem processes, review and discuss the available data on soil carbon stocks and greenhouse gases emissions from soils, and suggest opportunities for mitigation of climatic change. The research on carbon and greenhouse gases emissions in these ecosystems is recent and the results are still fragmented. The available data indicate that the southern Brazilian natural grassland ecosystems under adequate management contain important stocks of organic carbon in the soil, and therefore their conservation is relevant for the mitigation of climate change. Furthermore, these ecosystems show a great and rapid loss of soil organic carbon when converted to crops based on conventional tillage practices. However, in the already converted areas there is potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by using cropping systems based on no soil tillage and cover-crops, and the effect is mainly related to the potential of these crop systems to accumulate soil organic carbon in the soil at rates that surpass the increased soil nitrous oxide emissions. Further modelling with these results associated with geographic information systems could generate regional estimates of carbon balance.

Long-term effects of contrasting tillage on soil organic carbon, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions in a Mediterranean Vertisol under different crop sequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 619-620 ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Badagliacca ◽  
Emilio Benítez ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Luigi Badalucco ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Long Term Effects
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