scholarly journals Using dynamic relative climate impact curves to quantify the climate impact of bioenergy production systems over time

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sierk de Jong ◽  
Mark Staples ◽  
Carla Grobler ◽  
Vassilis Daioglou ◽  
Robert Malina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Climate forcing by battered-and-breaded fillets and crab-flavored sticks from Alaska pollock

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi L. McKuin ◽  
Jordan T. Watson ◽  
Alan C. Haynie ◽  
J. Elliott Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Seafood Products

The food sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, contributing 10–32% of global anthropogenic sources. Compared with land-based food production systems, relatively little is known about the climate impact of seafood products. Previous studies have placed an emphasis on fishing activities, overlooking the contribution of the processing phase in the seafood supply chain. Furthermore, other studies have ignored short-lived climate forcing pollutants which can be particularly large for ship fuels. To address these critical knowledge gaps, we conducted a carbon footprint analysis of seafood products from Alaska pollock, one of the world’s largest fisheries. A holistic assessment was made including all components in the supply chain from fishing through retail display case, including a broad suite of climate forcing pollutants (well-mixed greenhouse gases, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, black carbon and organic carbon), for domestic and top importers. We found that in some instances the processing phase contributed nearly twice the climate impact as the fishing phase of the seafood supply chain. For highly fuel-efficient fisheries, such as the Alaska pollock catcher-processor fleet, including the processing phase of the seafood supply chain is essential. Furthermore, the contribution from cooling emissions (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and organic carbon) offsets a significant portion of the climate forcing from warming emissions. The estimates that include only greenhouse gases are as much as 2.6 times higher than the cases that include short-lived climate forcing pollutants. This study also advances our understanding of the climate impact of seafood distribution with products for the domestic retail market having a climate impact that is as much as 1.6 times higher than export products that undergo transoceanic shipping. A full accounting of the supply chain and of the impact of the pollutants emitted by food production systems is important for climate change mitigation strategies in the near-term.

Constraints of No-Till Dryland Agroecosystems as Bioenergy Production Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace L. Miner ◽  
Neil C. Hansen ◽  
Daniel Inman ◽  
Lucretia A. Sherrod ◽  
G. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
No Till

scholarly journals Strategies for Sustainable Substitution of Livestock Meat

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Guihun Jiang ◽  
Kashif Ameer ◽  
Honggyun Kim ◽  
Eun-Jung Lee ◽  
Karna Ramachandraiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
By Products

The consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly discernible everywhere, and initiatives have been taken worldwide to mitigate climate change. In agriculture, particularly meat production from the livestock sector is known to contribute to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) that drive climate change. Thus, to mitigate climate impact, strategies that include a shift in consumption patterns, technological advancements and reduction in food wastes/losses have been discussed. In this review, strategies that focus on meat consumption patterns are evaluated from the technological feasibility, environmental impact and consumer acceptance viewpoints. While plant-based substitutes have efficient nutrient conversion and lower GHG emissions, consumer perception, cost, and other trade-offs exist. Although cultured meat precludes the need of any animals and large land areas, its environmental impact is not clear and is contingent upon production systems and the achievement of decarbonization. Reducing wastes and the re-use of meat processing by-products have the potential to lower the environmental impact. Valuable proteins, heat, electricity and biofuels extracted from wastes and by-products not only reduce the disposal of wastes but also offset some GHG emissions. Perception related challenges that exist for all substitution strategies require specific consumer target marketing strategies. Policy measures such as taxation of meat products and subsidies for alternatives are also met with challenges, thereby requiring reforms or new policies.

scholarly journals Integrated Crop-Livestock Management Effects on Soil Quality Dynamics in a Semiarid Region: A Typology of Soil Change Over Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ryschawy ◽  
M. A. Liebig ◽  
S. L. Kronberg ◽  
D. W. Archer ◽  
J. R. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Over Time

Integrated crop-livestock systems can have subtle effects on soil quality over time, particularly in semiarid regions where soil responses to management occur slowly. We tested if analyzing temporal trajectories of soils could detect trends in soil quality data which were not detected using traditional statistical and index approaches. Principal component and cluster analyses were used to assess the evolution in ten soil properties at three sampling times within two production systems (annually cropped, perennial grass). Principal component 1 explained 33% of the total variance of the complete dataset and corresponded to gradients in extractable N, available P, and C : N ratio. Principal component 2 explained 25.4% of the variability and corresponded to gradients of soil pH, soil organic C, and total N. While previous analyses found no differences in Soil Quality Index (SQI) scores between production systems, annually cropped treatments and perennial grasslands were clearly distinguished by cluster analysis. Cluster analysis also identified greater dispersion between plots over time, suggesting an evolution in soil condition in response to management. Accordingly, multivariate statistical techniques serve as a valuable tool for analyzing data where responses to management are subtle or anticipated to occur slowly.

Use of covariance structures for temporal errors in the analysis of a three-course wheat rotation and tillage trial

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SINGH ◽  
M. PALA
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Covariance Structures ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Over Time

Crop rotation serves as a mechanism for developing sustainable crop production systems. Crop-rotation trials are used to identify agronomic input factors suitable for use in a cropping system. In crop-rotation trials, experimental errors within the same plot over time are correlated. The form of the covariance structure of the plot errors may be specific to the data from a rotation trial, but is unknown and is generally assumed. Statistical analyses are usually based on the assumption that plot errors are independent, or have constant covariance. An experiment was conducted using wheat-based, three-course rotations containing tillage treatment subplots over 12 years at ICARDA's experimental station at Tel Hadya, a moderately dry area in northern Syria. This study examined several covariance structures for temporal errors arising over the rotation plots and tillage subplots, in order to model wheat yield data. Eighteen covariance structures were examined, and the best pair was selected using the Akaike Information Criterion. The best pair comprised first-order autocorrelation and homogeneous variance for temporal errors in rotation plots, and uniform correlation with heterogeneous variances for temporal errors in tillage subplots. Using the 12 years of data obtained for wheat yield and the best pair of covariance structures, the tillage and rotation effects were found to be statistically significant and to have significant interactions with the cycle of rotation. The precision of the means calculated differed from those calculated using a control structure based on homogeneous error variances and constant correlation. The cumulative yield build-up over time differed significantly over the rotations and the tillage methods. An increasing yield trend was observed for the bread wheat rotation, while a yield decline was observed in durum wheat when the rotation was repeated. When evaluating the effects of input factors in crop rotations, we therefore recommend that the covariance structures be examined and that a suitably chosen structure be used.

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