scholarly journals Delayed effects of climate on vital rates lead to demographic divergence in Amazonian forest fragments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Scott ◽  
María Uriarte ◽  
Emilio M. Bruna
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Amazonian Forest ◽  
Delayed Effects

scholarly journals Delayed effects of climate on vital rates lead to demographic divergence in Amazonian forest fragments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R Scott ◽  
Emilio Miguel Bruna ◽  
María Uriarte
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Flowering Probability

Deforestation often results in landscapes where remaining forest habitat is highly fragmented, with remnants of different sizes embedded in an often highly contrasting matrix. Local extinction of species from individual fragments is common, but the demographic mechanisms underlying these extinctions are poorly understood. It is often hypothesized that altered environmental conditions in fragments drive declines in reproduction, recruitment, or survivorship. The Amazon basin, in addition to experiencing continuing fragmentation, is warming and experiencing changes in precipitation leading to altered frequency and intensity of droughts and unusually wet periods. Whether plant populations in tropical forest fragments are particularly susceptible to extremes in precipitation remains unclear. Most studies of plants in fragments are relatively short (1-6 years), focus on a single life-history stage, and often do not compare to populations in continuous forest. Even fewer studies consider delayed effects of climate on demographic vital rates despite the importance of delayed effects in studies that consider them. Using a decade of demographic and climate data from an experimentally fragmented landscape in the Central Amazon, we assess the effects of climate on populations of an understory herb (Heliconia acuminata, Heliconiaceae). We used distributed lag non-linear models to understand the delayed effects of temperature and precipitation on survival, growth, and flowering. We detected delayed effects of climate up to 36 months. Drought two dry seasons prior to the February census decreased survival and increased flowering probability while drought in the wet season a year prior to the census decreased flowering probability and increased growth. The effects of extremes in precipitation on survival and growth were more pronounced in forest fragments compared to continuous forest. The complex delayed effects of climate and habitat fragmentation in our study point to the importance of long-term demography experiments in understanding the effects of anthropogenic change on plant populations.

scholarly journals The persistence of ant-following birds in small amazonian forest fragments

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee H. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Amazonian Forest ◽  
Army Ant ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Introduced Birds ◽  
Small Forest

SUMMARYMist-net captures of army ant-following bird were monitored during the isolation of central Amazonian forest fragments of 1 ha (n = 5), 10 ha (n = 4) and 100 ha (n = 1). Post-isolation captures of the three obligate ant-following birds Dendrocinela merula, Pithys albifrons, and Gymnopithys rufigula decreased significantly in all fragments. post-isolation captures of four facultative ant-following species were not significantly different in forest fragments of 1 ha and 10 ha, although two species decreased significantly in the 100 ha fragment. Experimental introductions of obligate species into small forest fragments in the absence and presence of introduced Eciton burchelli army ant colonies resulted in significantly greater recaptures of introduced birds when active army ant colonies were present. Of the 105 birds introduced, 58 ' 55%) crossed 100-320 m od dedorested area an were recaptured in continuous forest.

Biomass Decline in Amazonian Forest Fragments

1998 ◽  
Vol 282 (5394) ◽  
pp. 1611a-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cowles;
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Amazonian Forest

Ecosystem Decay of Amazonian Forest Fragments: a 22-Year Investigation

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Laurance ◽  
Thomas E. Lovejoy ◽  
Heraldo L. Vasconcelos ◽  
Emilio M. Bruna ◽  
Raphael K. Didham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Amazonian Forest

Growth of an understory herb is chronically reduced in Amazonian forest fragments

2011 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 830-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Gagnon ◽  
Emilio M. Bruna ◽  
Paulo Rubim ◽  
Maria Rosa Darrigo ◽  
Ramon C. Littell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Amazonian Forest ◽  
Understory Herb

scholarly journals Arthropod responses to the experimental isolation of Amazonian forest fragments

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heraldo L. Vasconcelos ◽  
Emilio M. Bruna
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Amazonian Forest

scholarly journals Rapid decay of tree-community composition in Amazonian forest fragments

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (50) ◽  
pp. 19010-19014 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Laurance ◽  
H. E. M. Nascimento ◽  
S. G. Laurance ◽  
A. Andrade ◽  
J. E. L. S. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Rapid Decay ◽  
Amazonian Forest ◽  
Tree Community

Gap-crossing movements predict species occupancy in Amazonian forest fragments

Oikos ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Lees ◽  
Carlos A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Amazonian Forest ◽  
Gap Crossing ◽  
Species Occupancy
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