Comparison of the distribution and phenology of Arctic Mountain plants between the early 20th and 21st centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. MacDougall ◽  
Paul Caplat ◽  
Johan Olofsson ◽  
Matthias B. Siewert ◽  
Colin Bonner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Plants

scholarly journals Photoprotective Strategies in Mediterranean High-Mountain Grasslands

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Rosina Magaña Ugarte ◽  
María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos ◽  
Adrián Escudero ◽  
Rosario G. Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Mountain Grasslands ◽  
Lutein Content ◽  
Mountain Plants

Albeit the remarkably high Ultraviolet B loads, high temperatures, and drought stress substantiate the need for efficient photoprotective strategies in Mediterranean high-mountain plants, these remain understudied. Considering the sensitivity of photosystems to extreme conditions, we evaluated an environmental gradient’s weight on the photoprotection of five high-mountain specialists from Central Spain. Diurnal and seasonal variations in chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, carotenoids, and xanthophylls in consecutive and climatically contrasting years were taken to evaluate the effect of the impending climate coarsening at the photosystem level. Our results revealed significant differences among species in the xanthophyll cycle functioning, acting either as a continuous photoprotective strategy enhancing photochemistry-steadiness; or prompted only to counteract the cumulative effects of atypically adverse conditions. The lutein cycle’s involvement is inferred from the high lutein content found in all species and elevations, acting as a sustained photoprotective strategy. These findings added to high de-epoxidation state (DEPS) and minor seasonal changes in the chlorophyll a/b ratio, infer the xanthophyll and Lutein cycles are crucial for upkeeping the photosystems’ optimal functioning in these plants heightening their photoprotective capacity during periods of more unfavorable conditions. Nevertheless, an atypically dry growing season’s detrimental effect infers the feasible surpassing of stress-thresholds and the precariousness of the communities’ functional diversity under climate change.

scholarly journals Candidate Genes for the High-Altitude Adaptations of Two Mountain Pine Taxa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3477
Author(s):  
Julia Zaborowska ◽  
Bartosz Łabiszak ◽  
Annika Perry ◽  
Stephen Cavers ◽  
Witold Wachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Mountain Plants

Mountain plants, challenged by vegetation time contractions and dynamic changes in environmental conditions, developed adaptations that help them to balance their growth, reproduction, survival, and regeneration. However, knowledge regarding the genetic basis of species adaptation to higher altitudes remain scarce for most plant species. Here, we attempted to identify such corresponding genomic regions of high evolutionary importance in two closely related European pines, Pinus mugo and P. uncinata, contrasting them with a reference lowland relative—P. sylvestris. We genotyped 438 samples at thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, tested their genetic differentiation and population structure followed by outlier detection and gene ontology annotations. Markers clearly differentiated the species and uncovered patterns of population structure in two of them. In P. uncinata three Pyrenean sites were grouped together, while two outlying populations constituted a separate cluster. In P. sylvestris, Spanish population appeared distinct from the remaining four European sites. Between mountain pines and the reference species, 35 candidate genes for altitude-dependent selection were identified, including such encoding proteins responsible for photosynthesis, photorespiration and cell redox homeostasis, regulation of transcription, and mRNA processing. In comparison between two mountain pines, 75 outlier SNPs were found in proteins involved mainly in the gene expression and metabolism.

scholarly journals Spatial scale affects bioclimate model projections of climate change impacts on mountain plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANDAR R. TRIVEDI ◽  
PAMELA M. BERRY ◽  
MICHAEL D. MORECROFT ◽  
TERENCE P. DAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Mountain Plants

Selected Extracts from High Mountain Plants as Potential Sunscreens with Antioxidant Capacity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Mejía‐Giraldo ◽  
Cecilia Gallardo ◽  
Miguel A. Puertas‐Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Plants

Molecular evidence for glacial refugia of mountain plants in the European Alps

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3547-3555 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SCHONSWETTER ◽  
I. STEHLIK ◽  
R. HOLDEREGGER ◽  
A. TRIBSCH
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Mountain Plants
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