Greening drylands despite warming consistent with carbon dioxide fertilization effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Gonsamo ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Diego G. Miralles ◽  
Stephen Sitch ◽  
Wouter Dorigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fertilization ◽  
Fertilization Effect

The Power of Monitoring Stations and a CO2 Fertilization Effect: Evidence from Causal Relationships between NDVI and Carbon Dioxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Kaufmann ◽  
L. F. Paletta ◽  
H. Q. Tian ◽  
R. B. Myneni ◽  
R. D. D’Arrigo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Terrestrial Biota ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Co2 Fertilization Effect ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations ◽  
Monitoring Stations

Abstract Two hypotheses are tested: 1) monitoring stations (e.g., Mauna Loa) are not able to measure changes in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 that are generated by changes in terrestrial vegetation at distant locations; 2) changes in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide do not affect terrestrial vegetation at large scales under conditions that now exist in situ, by estimating statistical models of the relationship between satellite measurements of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide measured at Mauna Loa and Point Barrow. To go beyond simple correlations, the notion of Granger causality is used. Results indicate that the authors are able to identify locations where and months when disturbances to the terrestrial biota “Granger cause” atmospheric CO2. The authors are also able to identify locations where and months when disturbances to the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide generate changes in NDVI. Together, these results provide large-scale support for a CO2 fertilization effect and an independent empirical basis on which observations at monitoring stations can be used to test hypotheses and validate models regarding effect of the terrestrial biota on atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Amplified Feedback Mechanism of the Forests-Aerosols-Climate System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thomas Hede ◽  
Caroline Leck ◽  
Jonas Claesson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Vegetation Model ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fertilization ◽  
Cloud Optical Thickness ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Northern Russia

Climate change very likely has effects on vegetation so that trees grow faster due to carbon dioxide fertilization (a higher partial pressure increases the rate of reactions with Rubisco during photosynthesis) and that trees can be established in new territories in a warmer climate. This has far-reaching significance for the climate system mainly due to a number of feedback mechanisms still under debate. By simulating the vegetation using the Lund-Potsdam-Jena guess dynamic vegetation model, a territory in northern Russia is studied during three different climate protocols assuming a doubling of carbon dioxide levels compared to the year 1975. A back of the envelope calculation is made for the subsequent increased levels of emissions of monoterpenes from spruce and pine forests. The results show that the emissions of monoterpenes at the most northern latitudes were estimated to increase with over 500% for a four-degree centigrade increase protocol. The effect on aerosol and cloud formation is discussed and the cloud optical thickness is estimated to increase more than 2%.

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